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To prevent serotype replacement, reduce transmission, and limit the emergence of new variants, it is essential to induce broad protection and restrict pneumococcal colonization. In this study, we used a prototype vaccine formulation consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-detoxified outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Typhimurium displaying the variable N terminus of PspA (\u03b11\u03b12) for intranasal vaccination, which induced strong Th17 immunity associated with a substantial reduction of pneumococcal colonization. Despite the variable nature of this protein, a common major histocompatibility complex class (MHC-II) epitope was identified, based on\n            <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n            prediction combined with\n            <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            screening, and was essential for interleukin-17 A (IL-17A)-mediated cross-reactivity and associated with cross protection. Based on 1,352 PspA sequences derived from a pneumococcal carriage cohort, this OMV-based vaccine formulation containing a single \u03b11\u03b12 type was estimated to cover 19.1% of strains, illustrating the potential of Th17-mediated cross protection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00281-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T00:40:23Z","timestamp":1500338423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Th17-Mediated Cross Protection against Pneumococcal Carriage by Vaccination with a Variable Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter S. 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