{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:39:10Z","timestamp":1787243950940,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n To further understand the mechanisms of formalin-inactivated\n Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n phase I (PI) vaccine (PIV)-induced protection, we examined if B cell, T cell, CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell, or CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell deficiency in mice significantly affects the ability of PIV to confer protection against a\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n infection. Interestingly, compared to wild-type (WT) mice, PIV conferred comparable levels of protection in CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell- or CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell-deficient mice and partial protection in T cell-deficient mice but did not provide measurable protection in B cell-deficient mice. These results suggest that PIV-induced protection depends on B cells. In addition, anti-PI-specific IgM was the major detectable antibody (Ab) in immune sera from PIV-vaccinated CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell-deficient mice, and passive transfer of immune sera from PIV-vaccinated CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell-deficient mice conferred significant protection. These results suggest that T cell-independent anti-PI-specific IgM may contribute to PIV-induced protection. Our results also suggested that PIV-induced protection may not depend on complement activation and Fc receptor-mediated effector functions. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that both IgM and IgG from PIV-vaccinated WT mouse sera were able to inhibit\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n infection\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n , but only IgM from PIV-vaccinated CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell-deficient mouse sera inhibited\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that PIV-induced protection depends on B cells to produce protective IgM and IgG and that T cell-independent anti-PI-specific IgM may play a critical role in PIV-induced protection against\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n infection.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00297-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T21:20:58Z","timestamp":1364851258000},"page":"2112-2122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Formalin-Inactivated Coxiella burnetii Phase I Vaccine-Induced Protection Depends on B Cells To Produce Protective IgM and IgG"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Guoquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Schoenlaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m56-036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1994.tb125909.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00176-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.51.3.851-858.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.11.6324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.1.65-78.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Protective or neutralizing antibody in Q fever","volume":"66","author":"Abinanti FR","year":"1957","unstructured":"AbinantiFRMarmionBP. 1957. 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