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Here, we define the respective contributions of three phospholipases C (PLCs) to the pathogenesis of<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>. Genetic deletions of the PLCs were made in the Sterne 7702 background, resulting in the respective loss of their activities. The PLCs were redundant both in tissue culture and in murine models of anthrax. Deletion of all three PLC genes was required for attenuation of virulence in mice after intratracheal inoculation. This attenuation may be attributed to the inability of the PLC-null strain to grow in association with the macrophage. Complementation of these defects in both models of anthrax was achieved by expression of the PLC genes in<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>. The functional redundancy between PLCs in the virulence of<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>implies that their activities are important for anthrax pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00307-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,21]],"date-time":"2006-06-21T23:10:29Z","timestamp":1150931429000},"page":"3756-3764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["<i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>Phospholipases C Facilitate Macrophage-Associated Growth and Contribute to Virulence in a Murine Model of Inhalation Anthrax"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Thomason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Herring-Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Shaughnessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary B.","family":"Huffnagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1947.tb12999.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01211.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03861.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2000.00067.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.23.8055-8062.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.2.744-753.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1615-9861(200206)2:6<784::AID-PROT784>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1998.0840s107S.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01486.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00652-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09160.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00329663"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00440-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.3.586-595.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.8.4801-4809.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00041.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-2-3-334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02692.x","volume":"42","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mignot, T., M. 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