{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:54:29Z","timestamp":1785434069490,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFD1800401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Biomedical Science and Technology Support Special Project","award":["21S11900200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21S11900200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      serves as an ideal model organism for studying tuberculosis due to its genetic similarity to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . However, there is a need for more suitable animal models to study\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. In this study, we established a novel infection model using red-eared slider turtles (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trachemys scripta elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). The turtles were infected with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      via subcutaneous injection in the hind limb. Inoculation with &gt;10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      resulted in acute infection, causing mortality in at least 80% of turtles within five weeks, whereas 10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU caused only 10% mortality. In subacute infections,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonized and proliferated in various tissues for at least four weeks, with higher bacterial loads observed in the spleen and liver compared to the heart and lungs. Granuloma formation in the liver was correlated positively with bacterial load. Knockdown of adenylate kinase (ADK) in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      reduced bacterial load by one order of magnitude in the liver and by half in the spleen, suggesting ADK as a potential drug target. Treatment with amikacin and moxifloxacin reduced bacterial load by approximately one order of magnitude in the liver and by half in the spleen. The red-eared slider turtle\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2013M. marinum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection model developed in this study provides a robust tool for tuberculosis research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00315-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T13:22:50Z","timestamp":1759843370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Red-eared slider turtle\n                    <i>\u2013Mycobacterium marinum<\/i>\n                    infection model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9395-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jijie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengke","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7235-3046","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2022","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 2022. 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