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Exposure to<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>occurs mainly by inhalation, and in this study we examined the in vivo interactions of<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>with DC in the lung. Fluorescently labeled live<jats:italic>C. neoforman<\/jats:italic>s and heat-killed<jats:italic>C. neoforman<\/jats:italic>s were administered intranasally to C57BL\/6 mice. At specific times postinoculation, mice were sacrificed, and lungs were removed. Single-cell suspensions of lung cells were prepared, stained, and analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry. Within 2 h postinoculation, fluorescently labeled<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>had been internalized by DC, macrophages, and neutrophils in the mouse lung. Additionally, lung DC from mice infected for 7 days showed increased expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II. Finally, ex vivo incubation of lung DC from infected mice with<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>-specific T cells resulted in increased interleukin-2 production compared to the production by DC from nai\u0308ve mice, suggesting that there was antigen-specific T-cell activation. This study demonstrated that DC in the lung are capable of phagocytosing<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>in vivo and presenting antigen to<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>-specific T cells ex vivo, suggesting that these cells have roles in innate and adaptive pulmonary defenses against cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00317-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,21]],"date-time":"2006-06-21T23:10:29Z","timestamp":1150931429000},"page":"3817-3824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["In Vivo Role of Dendritic Cells in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Evans Memorial Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatin M.","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart M.","family":"Levitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Evans Memorial Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02059-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.1.68-74.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.1.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-70"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681218980000301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.46.6.521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681218980000291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.3.1362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.19.4.2870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2003.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.10.3836","volume":"156","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chaturvedi, V., B. 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