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In this report, previous volunteer infectivity studies have been extended to examine the association between fecal indole and indole-producing (IP) gut microbiota on the outcome of a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection. Fecal indole concentrations (FICs) of 50 subjects and 19 taxa of common gut microbiota, including six IP taxa (11 subjects) were determined in stool samples collected before and after a challenge with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            oocysts. At the baseline, the mean FIC (\u00b1 the standard deviation) was 1.66 \u00b1 0.80 mM in those who became infected after a challenge versus 3.20 \u00b1 1.23 mM in those who remained uninfected (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.0001). Only 11.1% of the subjects with a FIC of &gt;2.5 mM became infected after a challenge versus 65.2% of the subjects with a FIC of &lt;2.5 mM. In contrast, the FICs of infected subjects at the baseline or during diarrhea were not correlated with infection intensity or disease severity. The relative abundances (percent) of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp., and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Clostridium<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. were greater \u22652.5-fold in volunteers with a baseline FIC of &gt;2.5 mM, while those of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacteroides<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. fragilis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Akkermansia<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">muciniphila<\/jats:named-content>\n            were greater in those with a baseline FIC of &lt;2.5 mM. These data indicate that some IP bacteria, or perhaps indole alone, can influence the ability of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            to establish an infection. Thus, preexisting indole levels in the gut join the oocyst dose and immune status as important factors that determine the outcome of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            exposure.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00336-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T03:18:46Z","timestamp":1464751126000},"page":"2299-2306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Fecal Indole as a Biomarker of Susceptibility to Cryptosporidium Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Chappell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0063-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Darkoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Shimmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Farhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do-Kyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo C.","family":"Okhuysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M. 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