{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:31:31Z","timestamp":1787016691018,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dutch-belted and New Zealand White rabbits were passively immunized with AVP-21D9, a human monoclonal antibody to protective antigen (PA), at the time of\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spore challenge using either nasal instillation or aerosol challenge techniques. AVP-21D9 (10 mg\/kg) completely protected both rabbit strains against lethal infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ames spores, regardless of the inoculation method. Further, all but one of the passively immunized animals (23\/24) were completely resistant to rechallenge with spores by either respiratory challenge method at 5 weeks after primary challenge. Analysis of the sera at 5 weeks after primary challenge showed that residual human anti-PA levels decreased by 85 to 95%, but low titers of rabbit-specific anti-PA titers were also measured. Both sources of anti-PA could have contributed to protection from rechallenge. In a subsequent study, bacteriological and histopathology analyses revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    disseminated to the bloodstream in some nai\u0308ve animals as early as 24 h postchallenge and increased in frequency with time. AVP-21D9 significantly reduced the dissemination of the bacteria to the bloodstream and to various organs following infection. Examination of tissue sections from infected control animals, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the Gram stain, showed edema and\/or hemorrhage in the lungs and the presence of bacteria in mediastinal lymph nodes, with necrosis and inflammation. Tissue sections from infected rabbits dosed with AVP-21D9 appeared comparable to corresponding tissues from uninfected animals despite lethal challenge with\n                    <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ames spores. Concomitant treatment with AVP-21D9 at the time of challenge conferred complete protection in the rabbit inhalation anthrax model. Early treatment increased the efficacy progressively and in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, AVP-21D9 could offer an adjunct or alternative clinical treatment regimen against inhalation anthrax.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00352-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,24]],"date-time":"2007-04-24T11:47:50Z","timestamp":1177415270000},"page":"3414-3424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Human Monoclonal Antibody AVP-21D9 to Protective Antigen Reduces Dissemination of the\n                    <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n                    Ames Strain from the Lungs in a Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Johnny W.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sealy Center for Vaccine Development and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason 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for Vaccine Development and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bagram M.","family":"Chatuev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sealy Center for Vaccine Development and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Sower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sealy Center for Vaccine Development and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok K.","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sealy Center for Vaccine Development and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infections"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and 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