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Since CEACAM1 can act as an inhibitory receptor and T cells in subepithelial tissues may encounter whole bacteria, which often express Opa proteins in vivo, this study assessed primarily if Opa proteins expressed on meningococci affect T-cell functions. In addition, Opa-containing outer membrane vesicles (OMV) have been used as vaccine antigens, and therefore Opa<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and Opa<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>OMV were also studied. While Opa<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>bacteria adhered to CEACAM-expressing T cells, both the Opa<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and Opa<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>phenotypes induced no to a small transient depression, followed by a prolonged increase in proliferation as well as cytokine production. Such responses were also observed with heat-killed bacteria or OMV. In addition, while anti-CEACAM antibodies alone inhibited proliferation, on coincubation of T cells with bacteria and the antibodies, bacterial effects predominated and were Opa independent. Thus, while Opa proteins of<jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>can bind to T-cell-expressed CEACAM1, this is not sufficient to overcome the T-cell recognition of bacterial factors, which results in a proliferative and cytokine response, an observation consistent with the ability of the host to establish lasting immunity to Opa-expressing meningococci that it frequently encounters. The data also imply that Opa-proficient vaccine preparations may not necessarily inhibit T-cell functions via CEACAM1 binding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00355-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:58:42Z","timestamp":1251766722000},"page":"5170-5180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Opa<sup>+<\/sup>and Opa<sup>\u2212<\/sup>Isolates of<i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>and<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>Induce Sustained Proliferative Responses in Human CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Abdel-Rahman","family":"Youssef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"van der Flier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Esteva\u0303o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico G.","family":"Hartwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"van der Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Vaccine Institute, Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mumtaz","family":"Virji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(97)00072-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00572.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00005-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(97)80004-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00851.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.8.4263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2002.03228.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03749.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200009)30:9<2593::AID-IMMU2593>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.965-981.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Frasch C. 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