{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:40:31Z","timestamp":1791852031569,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI099278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI099278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            can enter a viable but nonculturable state\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            termed persistence. A common feature of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            persistence models is that reticulate bodies fail to divide and make few infectious progeny until the persistence-inducing stressor is removed. One model of persistence that has relevance to human disease involves tryptophan limitation mediated by the host enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which converts\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -tryptophan to\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -formylkynurenine. Genital\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains can counter tryptophan limitation because they encode a tryptophan-synthesizing enzyme. Tryptophan synthase is the only enzyme that has been confirmed to play a role in interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3)-induced persistence, although profound changes in chlamydial physiology and gene expression occur in the presence of persistence-inducing stressors. Thus, we screened a population of mutagenized\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains for mutants that failed to reactivate from IFN-\u03b3-induced persistence. Six mutants were identified, and the mutations linked to the persistence phenotype in three of these were successfully mapped. One mutant had a missense mutation in tryptophan synthase; however, this mutant behaved differently from previously described synthase null mutants. Two hypothetical genes of unknown function,\n            <jats:italic>ctl0225<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>ctl0694<\/jats:italic>\n            , were also identified and may be involved in amino acid transport and DNA damage repair, respectively. Our results indicate that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            utilizes functionally diverse genes to mediate survival during and reactivation from persistence in HeLa cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00356-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T02:59:07Z","timestamp":1468897147000},"page":"2791-2801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Beyond Tryptophan Synthase: Identification of Genes That Contribute to Chlamydia trachomatis Survival during Gamma Interferon-Induced Persistence and Reactivation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Muramatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Brothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry D.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Putman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Rockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.49.3.298-337.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703218104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-122-31150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.9.2503-2506.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.53.2.347-351.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05958.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4539-4547.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00608.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.104.3.1332-1337.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.3.2.333-341.1971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652394"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12546"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.9.3998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.17.6622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2535394100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.10.6038-6040.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203937200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6407-6418.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5389.754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02329.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"611","article-title":"Co-occurence of indol-producing bacterial strains in the vagina of women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"78","author":"Romanik M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Romanik M, Martirosian G, Wojciechowska-Wieja A, Cieslik K, Kazmierczak W. 2007. 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