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The cofactor GrpE of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. whipplei<\/jats:named-content>\n            was previously identified as a B-cell antigen. We tested the capacity of Hsp70 and GrpE to elicit specific proinflammatory T-cell responses. Peripheral mononuclear cells from CWD patients and healthy donors were stimulated with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. whipplei<\/jats:named-content>\n            lysate or recombinant GrpE or Hsp70 before levels of CD40L, CD69, perforin, granzyme B, CD107a, and gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) were determined in T cells by flow cytometry. Upon stimulation with total bacterial lysate or recombinant GrpE or Hsp70 of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. whipplei<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the proportions of activated effector CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells, determined as CD40L\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            IFN-\u03b3\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            , were significantly lower in patients with CWD than in healthy controls; CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells of untreated CWD patients revealed an enhanced activation toward unspecific stimulation and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. whipplei<\/jats:named-content>\n            -specific degranulation, although CD69\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            IFN-\u03b3\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells were reduced upon stimulation with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. whipplei<\/jats:named-content>\n            lysate and recombinant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. whipplei<\/jats:named-content>\n            -derived proteins. Hsp70 and its cofactor GrpE are immunogenic in healthy individuals, eliciting effective responses against\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. whipplei<\/jats:named-content>\n            to control bacterial spreading. The lack of specific T-cell responses against these\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. whipplei<\/jats:named-content>\n            -derived proteins may contribute to the pathogenesis of CWD.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00363-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T00:30:31Z","timestamp":1496190631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Peripheral T-Cell Reactivity to Heat Shock Protein 70 and Its Cofactor GrpE from Tropheryma whipplei Is Reduced in Patients with Classical Whipple's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Trotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Medical Department for Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and 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