{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:43:23Z","timestamp":1773909803121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The dynamic movement of B cells increases the probability of encountering specific antigen and facilitates cell-cell interactions required for mounting a rapid antibody response. B1a and B1b cells are enriched in the coelomic cavity, contribute to T-cell-independent (TI) antibody responses, and increase in number upon antigen exposure. B1 cell movement is largely governed by Cxc ligand 13 (Cxcl13), and mice deficient in this chemokine have a severe reduction in peritoneal B1 cells. In this study, we examined the role of Cxcl13-dependent B cell migration using\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n            infection or intraperitoneal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide or 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-acetyl (NP)-Ficoll, all of which induce robust antibody responses from B1b cells. Surprisingly, we found that antibody responses to\n            <jats:italic>B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n            or to FhbA, an antigenic target of B1b cells, and the resolution of bacteremia were indistinguishable between wild-type and\n            <jats:italic>Cxcl13<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice. Importantly, we did not observe an expansion of peritoneal B1b cell numbers in\n            <jats:italic>Cxcl13<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice. Nonetheless, mice that had resolved infection were resistant to reinfection, indicating that the peritoneal B1b cell reservoir is not required for controlling\n            <jats:italic>B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n            . Furthermore, despite a reduced peritoneal B1b compartment, immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine yielded comparable antigen-specific antibody responses in wild-type and\n            <jats:italic>Cxcl13<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice and conferred protection against\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Likewise, immunization with NP-Ficoll elicited similar antibody responses in wild-type and\n            <jats:italic>Cxcl13<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice. These data demonstrate that homing of B1 cells into the coelomic cavity is not a requirement for generating protective TI antibody responses, even when antigen is initially localized to this anatomical compartment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00371-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T04:19:20Z","timestamp":1277785160000},"page":"3950-3956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["T-Cell-Independent Immune Responses Do Not Require Cxc Ligand 13-Mediated B1 Cell Migration"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Colombo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guizhi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kishore R.","family":"Alugupalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"105","volume":"319","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alugupalli, K. 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