{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:48:54Z","timestamp":1790095734099,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI047997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI047997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    An IFN\u03b3-susceptible mutant of\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia muridarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    is attenuated in pathogenicity in the genital tract and was recently licensed as an\n                    <jats:underline>intr<\/jats:underline>\n                    acellular\n                    <jats:underline>O<\/jats:underline>\n                    ral vaccine\n                    <jats:underline>v<\/jats:underline>\n                    ector or intrOv. Oral delivery of intrOv induces transmucosal protection in the genital tract, but intrOv itself is cleared from the gut (without shedding any infectious particles externally) by IFN\u03b3 from group 3-like innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). We further characterized the intrOv interactions with ILC3s in the current study, since the interactions may impact both the safety and efficacy of intrOv as an oral Chlamydia vaccine. Intracolonic inoculation with intrOv induced IFN\u03b3 that in return inhibited intrOv. The intrOv-IFN\u03b3 interactions were dependent on ROR\u03b3t, a signature transcriptional factor of ILC3s. Consistently, the transfer of oral intrOv-induced ILC3s from ROR\u03b3t-GFP reporter mice to IFN\u03b3-deficient mice rescued the inhibition of intrOv. Thus, IFN\u03b3 produced by intrOv-induced ILC3s is likely responsible for inhibiting intrOv, which is further supported by the observation that oral intrOv did induce significant levels of IFN\u03b3-producing LC3s (IFN\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ILC3s). Interestingly, IL-23 receptor knockout (IL-23R\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) mice no longer inhibited intrOv, which was accompanied by reduced colonic IFN\u03b3. Transfer of oral intrOv-induced ILC3s rescued the IL-23R\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice to inhibit intrOv, validating the dependence of ILC3s on IL-23R signaling for inhibiting intrOv. Clearly, intrOv induces intestinal IFN\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ILC3s for its own inhibition in the gut, which is facilitated by IL-23R signaling. These findings have provided a mechanism for ensuring the safety of intrOv as an oral Chlamydia vaccine and a platform for investigating how oral intrOv induces transmucosal protection in the genital tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00371-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T09:00:33Z","timestamp":1697619633000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["IL-23 receptor signaling licenses group 3-like innate lymphoid cells to restrict a live-attenuated oral Chlamydia vaccine in the gut"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongze","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Mohamed","family":"Abdelsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-5009","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guangming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"CDC\n. 2020. Sexually transmitted diseases. Services USDoHaH. Atlanta GA. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.6.1275"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182519326"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Trachoma vaccine trial in India: results of two-year follow-up","volume":"56","author":"Dhir SP","year":"1968","unstructured":"Dhir SP , Agarwal LP , Gupta SB , Detels R , Wang SP , Grayston JT . 1968. Trachoma vaccine trial in India: results of two-year follow-up. Indian J Med Res 56:1289\u20131294.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)94158-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)94159-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1964.10663711"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178537"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2008.00493.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"188","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protection against genital Chlamydia infection and its complications by a multisubunit candidate vaccine","volume":"40","author":"Ifere GO","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ifere GO , He Q , Igietseme JU , Ananaba GA , Lyn D , Lubitz W , Kellar KL , Black CM , Eko FO . 2007. Immunogenicity and protection against genital Chlamydia infection and its complications by a multisubunit candidate vaccine. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 40:188\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6979-6987.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1899817"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.10.075"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00722-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2022.2117694"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8205"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30279-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111266"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804375"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioad021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","first-page":"429","article-title":"Studies on the etiology of trachoma with special reference to isolation of the virus in chick embryo","volume":"75","author":"Tang FF","year":"1957","unstructured":"Tang FF , Chang HL , Huang YT , Wang KC . 1957. Studies on the etiology of trachoma with special reference to isolation of the virus in chick embryo. Chin Med J 75:429\u2013447.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Isolation of trachoma virus in chick embryo","volume":"1","author":"Tang FF","year":"1957","unstructured":"Tang FF , Huang YT , Chang HL , Wong KC . 1957. Isolation of trachoma virus in chick embryo. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 1:109\u2013120.","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.115.5.1009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu C Wang J Zhong G\n. 2023. Preclinical screen for protection efficacy of Chlamydial antigens that are Immunogenic in humans. Microbiology. doi:10.1101\/2023.08.31.555742","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.08.31.555742"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01352-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.11.2653-2657.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00189-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/9781912530281"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01244-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00673-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155880"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00630-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2005.11928028"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00278-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00812-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.3019-3025.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.4027"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02770-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00472-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00043-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.03158-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01171-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00798-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00265-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00321-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00533-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1540-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00116"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01909"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601554"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701625"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847480"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2545"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112128"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803075"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12171"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01064-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401798"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxac054"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3603-8_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545598"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11813"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01313-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00432-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3686-3689.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00281-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00254-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008207"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00141-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00385-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406908111"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04136-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00979-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00120-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.4.487"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"An improvement of the 2^(-delta delta CT) method for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data analysis","volume":"3","author":"Rao X","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rao X , Huang X , Zhou Z , Lin X . 2013. An improvement of the 2^(-delta delta CT) method for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data analysis. Biostat Bioinforma Biomath 3:71\u201385.","journal-title":"Biostat Bioinforma Biomath"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/iai.00371-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/iai.00371-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T09:01:12Z","timestamp":1700125272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/iai.00371-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sunny","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/iai.00371-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00371-23","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.09.11.557246","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00371-23"}}