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It is unknown how VapA interacts with mammalian cell receptors, but intracellular replication of avirulent\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            lacking\n            <jats:italic>vapA<\/jats:italic>\n            can be restored by supplementation with recombinant VapA (rVapA). Our objectives were to determine whether the absence of the surface receptors Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), complement receptor 3 (CR3), or Fc gamma receptor III (Fc\u03b3RIII) impacts\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            phagocytosis and intracellular replication in macrophages, and whether rVapA restoration of virulence in\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            is dependent upon these receptors. Wild-type (WT) murine macrophages with TLR2, CR3, or Fc\u03b3RIII blocked or knocked out (KO) were infected with virulent or avirulent\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            , with or without rVapA supplementation. Quantitative bacterial culture and immunofluorescence imaging were performed. Phagocytosis of\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            was not affected by blockade or KO of TLR2 or CR3. Intracellular replication of virulent\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            was not affected by TLR2, CR3, or Fc\u03b3RIII blockade or KO; however, avirulent\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            replicated in TLR2\n            <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n            and CR3\n            <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n            macrophages but not in WT and Fc\u03b3RIII\n            <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n            . rVapA supplementation did not affect avirulent\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            phagocytosis but promoted intracellular replication in WT and all KO cells. By demonstrating that TLR2 and CR3 limit replication of avirulent but not virulent\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            and that VapA-mediated virulence is independent of TLR2, CR3, or Fc\u03b3RIII, our study provides novel insights into the role of these specific surface receptors in determining the entry and intracellular fate of\n            <jats:italic>R. equi<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00383-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T14:00:54Z","timestamp":1701266454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of surface receptors TLR2, CR3, and Fc\u03b3RIII on\n            <i>Rhodococcus equi<\/i>\n            phagocytosis and intracellular survival in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bibiana Petri","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&amp;M University, School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rola","family":"Barhoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&amp;M University, School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2239-4149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jocelyne M.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&amp;M University, School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3568-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Cole-Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&amp;M University, School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1657-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cory J.","family":"Mabry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&amp;M University, School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1021-8444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"Burghardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&amp;M University, School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0384-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah D.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Texas A&amp;M University, School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7678-3908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela 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