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Following phagocytosis by human PMNs, microorganisms are killed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and microbicidal products contained within granules.<jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of plague, is capable of rapid replication and dissemination from sites of infection in the host. Although<jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>survives in macrophages, the bacterial fate following interaction with human PMNs is less clear. The ability of<jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>to inhibit phagocytosis by human PMNs was assessed by differential fluorescence microscopy and was shown to be dependent on expression of the type III secretion system (TTSS). Previous studies have demonstrated that TTSS expression in enteropathogenic<jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic>spp. also inhibits the respiratory burst in PMNs and macrophages, and we show here that human PMN ROS production is similarly repressed by<jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>. However, exclusion of uningested TTSS-expressing<jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>with gentamicin revealed that intracellular bacteria are eliminated by human PMNs, similar to bacteria lacking the TTSS. In summary, our results suggest that the<jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>TTSS contributes to extracellular survival following interactions with human PMNs and that the intracellular fate is independent of TTSS inhibition of neutrophil ROS production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00385-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,20]],"date-time":"2008-05-20T00:34:58Z","timestamp":1211243698000},"page":"3754-3760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["<i>Yersinia pestis<\/i>Type III Secretion System-Dependent Inhibition of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Justin L.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, 222 Ag Biotech, Moscow, Idaho 83844"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Cundiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, 222 Ag Biotech, Moscow, Idaho 83844"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, 222 Ag Biotech, Moscow, Idaho 83844"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.6.3658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.5.2567-2574.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-6-1509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"134","volume":"35","year":"1954","unstructured":"Burrows, T. 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