{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:04:35Z","timestamp":1791097475257,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alveolar macrophages are the effector cells largely responsible for clearance of<jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>from the lungs. Binding of organisms to \u03b2-glucan and mannose receptors has been shown to stimulate phagocytosis of the organisms. To further define the mechanisms used by alveolar macrophages for clearance of<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>, mice deficient in the expression of scavenger receptor A (SRA) were infected with<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>, and clearance of organisms was monitored over time. SRA-deficient (SRAKO) mice consistently cleared<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>faster than did wild-type control mice. Expedited clearance corresponded to elevated numbers of activated CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in the alveolar spaces of SRAKO mice compared to wild-type mice. Alveolar macrophages from SRAKO mice had increased expression of CD11b on their surfaces, consistent with an activated phenotype. However, they were not more phagocytic than macrophages expressing SRA, as measured by an in vivo phagocytosis assay. SRAKO alveolar macrophages produced significantly more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) than wild-type macrophages when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in vitro but less TNF-\u03b1 in response to<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>in vitro. However, upon in vivo stimulation, SRAKO mice produced significantly more TNF-\u03b1, interleukin 12 (IL-12), and IL-18 in response to<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>infection than did wild-type mice. Together, these data indicate that SRA controls inflammatory cytokines produced by alveolar macrophages in the context of<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00393-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,5]],"date-time":"2007-06-05T00:41:41Z","timestamp":1181004101000},"page":"3999-4005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Scavenger Receptor A Dampens Induction of Inflammation in Response to the Fungal Pathogen<i>Pneumocystis carinii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hollifield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa Bou","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem J. S.","family":"de Villiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center"},{"name":"Lexington Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Garvy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Divisions of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Lexington Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0128OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.1.97-102.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.4.1279-1284.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.3.713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"209","volume":"14","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dushkin, M. I., A. F. Safina, E. I. Vereschagin, and Y. S. Schwartz. 1996. Carboxymethylated beta-1,3-glucan inhibits the binding and degradation of acetylated low density lipoproteins in macrophages in vitro and modulates their plasma clearance in vivo. Cell Biochem. Funct.14:209-217.","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6211-6220.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0300OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/351155a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.4.2613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.10.3987-3992.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.7.3852-3856.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(98)00116-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209715200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.3.937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.9.1431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.9.3932","volume":"150","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoffman, O. A., J. E. Standing, and A. H. Limper. 1993. Pneumocystis carinii stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from alveolar macrophages through a beta-glucan-mediated mechanism. J. Immunol.150:3932-3940.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2004.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/8.4.370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.16.2.9032117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"417","volume":"60","year":"1994","unstructured":"Koziel, H., O. R. D., A. Warner, and R. M. Rose. 1994. Alveolar macrophage interaction with Pneumocystis carinii. Immunol. Ser.60:417-436.","journal-title":"Immunol. Ser."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301426200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.6147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.3.1423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.1034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.3.779-784.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2005.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00124-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.3.611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00719.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.9.5704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.360","volume":"161","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rudmann, D. G., A. M. Preston, M. W. Moore, and J. M. Beck. 1998. Susceptibility to Pneumocystis carinii in mice is dependent on simultaneous deletion of IFN-\u03b3 and type 1 and 2 TNF receptor genes. J. Immunol.161:360-366.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6213-6221.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199803000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1857-1864.2006"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00393-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00393-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T19:56:51Z","timestamp":1707940611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00393-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00393-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00393-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-05-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}