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During the patent phase of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:named-content>infection, Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells are activated and suppress egg-elicited Th2 responses, but little is known of their induction and role during the early prepatent larval stage of infection. We quantified Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cell responses during the first 3 weeks of murine<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. mansoni<\/jats:named-content>infection in C57BL\/6 mice, a time when larval parasites migrate from the skin and transit the lungs en route to the hepatic and mesenteric vasculature. In contrast to other helminth infections,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. mansoni<\/jats:named-content>did not elicit a Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cell response during this early phase of infection. We found that the numbers and proportions of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells remained unchanged in the lungs, draining lymph nodes, and spleens of infected mice. There was no increase in the activation status of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells upon infection as assessed by their expression of CD25, Foxp3, and Helios. Furthermore, infection failed to induce Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells to produce the suppressive cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). Instead, only CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>IL-4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Th2 cells showed increased IL-10 production upon infection. These data indicate that Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells do not play a prominent role in regulating immunity to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. mansoni<\/jats:named-content>larvae and that the character of the initial immune response invoked by<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. mansoni<\/jats:named-content>parasites contrasts with the responses to other parasitic helminth infections that promote rapid Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cell responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00408-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T02:04:50Z","timestamp":1437444290000},"page":"3881-3889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Schistosoma mansoni Larvae Do Not Expand or Activate Foxp3<sup>+<\/sup>Regulatory T Cells during Their Migratory Phase"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Redpath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"van der Werf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick M.","family":"Maizels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.4034-4042.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001920"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri843"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.9.5374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.02083.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"250","article-title":"The generation of interferon-gamma-producing T lymphocytes in skin-draining lymph nodes, and their recruitment to the lungs, is associated with protective immunity to Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"75","author":"Mountford AP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mountford AP, Coulson PS, Pemberton RM, Smythies LE, Wilson RA. 1992. 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