{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:04:33Z","timestamp":1771466673474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6\/ 9-7(151)2017-ECD II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\/ 9-7(151)2017-ECD II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JC Bose Fellowship, Govt. of India","award":["JCB\/2019\/000043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCB\/2019\/000043"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Neutrophil transdifferentiation involves the acquisition of dendritic cell-like properties, challenging the traditional view of neutrophils being solely phagocytes. The presence of transdifferentiated neutrophils is established in Visceral Leishmaniasis, but not in its dermal sequel, Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. Accordingly, this study investigated the altered functionalities of neutrophils focusing on the acquisition of dendritic cell-like properties and its impact on infection establishment. In PKDL cases, immunophenotyping of neutrophil-dendritic cells (N-DC hybrids) was performed using flow cytometry, along with studying the status of N-DC hybrid inducing cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3) and growth factor (GM-CSF).\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              infection of neutrophils with\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n              was monitored by droplet digital PCR, employing\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A2<\/jats:italic>\n              ; additionally, their frequency of transdifferentiation, oxidative and phagocytic status, as well as apoptosis potential were quantified by flow cytometry. Compared with healthy controls, neutrophils from PKDL cases demonstrated a significant upregulation of CD83 positivity, but the frequency of co-stimulation (HLA-DR, CD80\/86) was unaltered. PKDL cases demonstrated raised levels of TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3, but GM-CSF remained unchanged. Following\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              infection of neutrophils, infection was evident at 2 h and was accompanied by CD83 positivity. Furthermore, the CD66b\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              \/CD83 vis\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">-\u00e0-vis<\/jats:italic>\n              CD66b\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              \/CD83\n              <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n              subset exhibited heightened generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced phagocytosis, and increased apoptosis. Taken together, neutrophils from PKDL cases demonstrated transdifferentiation with the absence of antigen-presenting function. Virulent\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n              induced transdifferentiation in neutrophils, altering their functionalities and facilitating parasite uptake, along with heightened generation of intra-neutrophilic ROS and enhanced apoptosis, which possibly facilitated their engulfment by macrophages, thereby bolstering the \u201cTrojan horse\u201d mechanism of parasite transfer.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00409-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T13:00:36Z","timestamp":1746795636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transdifferentiation of neutrophils facilitates the establishment of infection by\n            <i>Leishmania donovani<\/i>\n            parasites"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8808-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhurima","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)","place":["Kolkata, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Bagchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)","place":["Kolkata, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaitali","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)","place":["Kolkata, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitali","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R)","place":["Kolkata, 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