{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:03:31Z","timestamp":1761843811902},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of the interaction between excreted and\/or secreted (ES)<jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic>products and NK cells from<jats:italic>Necator<\/jats:italic>-infected individuals was analyzed. We investigated the binding of ES products to NK cells, the expression of NK cell receptors (CD56, CD159a\/NKG2A, CD314\/NKG2D, CD335\/NKp46, and KLRF1\/NKp80), the frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3)-producing NK cells after whole-blood in vitro stimulation, and the capacity of<jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic>ES products to induce NK cell chemotaxis. In contrast to those from noninfected individuals, NK cells from<jats:italic>Necator<\/jats:italic>-infected individuals demonstrated no binding with<jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic>ES products. This phenomenon was not due to alterations in NK cell receptor expression in infected subjects and could not be reproduced with NK cells from uninfected individuals by incubation with immunoregulatory cytokines (interleukin-10\/transforming growth factor \u03b2). Further, we found that a significantly greater percentage of NK cells from infected subjects than NK cells from uninfected individuals spontaneously produced IFN-\u03b3 upon ex vivo culture. Our findings support a model whereby NK cells from<jats:italic>Necator<\/jats:italic>-infected individuals may interact with ES products, making these cells refractory to binding with exogenous ES products. During<jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic>infection, human NK cells are attracted to the site of infection by chemotactic ES products produced by adult<jats:italic>Necator<\/jats:italic>worms in the gut mucosa. Binding of ES products causes the NK cells to become activated and secrete IFN-\u03b3 locally, thereby contributing to the adult hookworm's ability to evade host immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00419-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,7]],"date-time":"2008-10-07T00:44:29Z","timestamp":1223340269000},"page":"5810-5816","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Binding of Excreted and\/or Secreted Products of Adult Hookworms to Human NK Cells in<i>Necator americanus<\/i>-Infected Individuals from Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Andre\u0301a","family":"Teixeira-Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborato\u0301rio de Biomarcadores de Diagno\u0301stico e Monitorac\u0327a\u0303o, Centro de Pesquisas Rene\u0301 Rachou, Fundac\u0327a\u0303o Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborato\u0301rio de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas Rene\u0301 Rachou, Fundac\u0327a\u0303o Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ana\u0301lises Cli\u0301nicas, Escola de Farma\u0301cia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo T.","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborato\u0301rio de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas Rene\u0301 Rachou, Fundac\u0327a\u0303o Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik J.","family":"Stemmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse M.","family":"Damsker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Corre\u0302a-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborato\u0301rio de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas Rene\u0301 Rachou, Fundac\u0327a\u0303o Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Constant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Bethony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborato\u0301rio de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas Rene\u0301 Rachou, Fundac\u0327a\u0303o Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.5396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.3.1428","volume":"161","year":"1998","unstructured":"Babu, S., P. 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