{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:20:54Z","timestamp":1792110054345,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            is the agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, and it perpetuates in aquatic reservoirs when not in the host. Within the host's intestines, the bacteria execute a complex regulatory pathway culminating with the production of virulence factors that allow colonization and cause disease. The ability of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            to form biofilms is thought to aid its persistence in the aquatic environment and passage through the gastric acid barrier of the stomach. The transcriptional activators VpsR and VpsT are part of the biofilm formation-regulatory network. In this study, we screened a\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            genomic library in\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            cells containing a P\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>vpsT<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>\n            -\n            <jats:italic>luxCDBAE<\/jats:italic>\n            transcriptional fusion reporter and found that a plasmid clone containing the\n            <jats:italic>aphA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene activates the expression of\n            <jats:italic>vpsT<\/jats:italic>\n            in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . AphA is a master virulence regulator in\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            that is required to activate the expression of\n            <jats:italic>tcpP<\/jats:italic>\n            , whose gene products in turn activate all virulence genes including those responsible for the synthesis of the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin through the activation of\n            <jats:italic>toxT<\/jats:italic>\n            . AphA has a direct effect on the\n            <jats:italic>vpsT<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter, as gel shift experiments demonstrated that AphA binds to the\n            <jats:italic>vpsT<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter region. Furthermore,\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae aphA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants exhibit significantly lower levels of\n            <jats:italic>vpsT<\/jats:italic>\n            expression as well as reduced biofilm formation. AphA thus links the expression of virulence and biofilm synthesis genes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00429-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,24]],"date-time":"2009-11-24T03:58:55Z","timestamp":1259035135000},"page":"697-703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The Virulence Transcriptional Activator AphA Enhances Biofilm Formation by\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            by Activating Expression of the Biofilm Regulator VpsT"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Menghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of 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