{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T21:15:46Z","timestamp":1780521346707,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Toxin-coregulated pilin A (TcpA) is the main structural subunit of a type IV bundle-forming pilus of\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            , the cause of cholera. Toxin-coregulated pilus is involved in formation of microcolonies of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            at the intestinal surface, and strains of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            deficient in TcpA are attenuated and unable to colonize intestinal surfaces. Anti-TcpA immunity is common in humans recovering from cholera in Bangladesh, and immunization against TcpA is protective in murine\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            models. To evaluate whether transcutaneously applied TcpA is immunogenic, we transcutaneously immunized mice with 100 \u03bcg of TcpA or TcpA with an immunoadjuvant (cholera toxin [CT], 50 \u03bcg) on days 0, 19, and 40. Mice immunized with TcpA alone did not develop anti-TcpA responses. Mice that received transcutaneously applied TcpA and CT developed prominent anti-TcpA immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum responses but minimal anti-TcpA IgA. Transcutaneous immunization with CT induced prominent IgG and IgA anti-CT serum responses. In an infant mouse model, offspring born to dams transcutaneously immunized either with TcpA and CT or with CT alone were challenged with 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU (one 50% lethal dose) wild-type\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O1 El Tor strain N16961. At 48 h, mice born to females transcutaneously immunized with CT alone had 36% \u00b1 10% (mean \u00b1 standard error of the mean) survival, while mice born to females transcutaneously immunized with TcpA and CT had 69% \u00b1 6% survival (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). Our results suggest that transcutaneous immunization with TcpA and an immunoadjuvant induces protective anti-TcpA immune responses. Anti-TcpA responses may contribute to an optimal cholera vaccine.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00438-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,20]],"date-time":"2006-09-20T23:06:35Z","timestamp":1158793595000},"page":"5834-5839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Transcutaneous Immunization with Toxin-Coregulated Pilin A Induces Protective Immunity against\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            O1 El Tor Challenge in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Julianne E.","family":"Rollenhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Kalsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Cerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manohar","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina C.","family":"LaRocque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICDDR,B Centre for Health and Populations Studies, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Calderwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald K.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 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