{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:59:54Z","timestamp":1792799994339,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In order to quantify in vivo the mRNAs of cytokines which play important\nroles in leptospirosis, we have developed quantitative real-time PCR\nassays for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis\nfactor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3),\ntransforming growth factor \u03b2, and two housekeeping genes\n(encoding \u03b2-actin and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase).\nWe used a lethal hamster model reflecting severe leptospirosis in\nhumans. The LightCycler system was used to quantify the gene expression\nlevels with the SYBR green I detection format using external standard\ncurves for each target. We compared the expression levels of cytokine\nmRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of both control\n(uninfected) hamsters and\n            <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            -inoculated\nhamsters from 1 to 24 h and then 1 to 4 days postinfection.\nIn this kinetic study, there was pronounced expression of Th1 cytokine\nmRNA (TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-12), with transcripts being\ndetected as early as 1 h postinfection. Expression of\nanti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, was prominent in\ndelayed samples from 1 to 4 days postinfection in response to infection\nwith\n            <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            . Our data are the first to\nestablish that pathogenic leptospires can stimulate in vivo the\nproduction of type 1 cytokines involved in cellular immunity by using\nthis informative animal model. Measuring and assessing cytokine\nprofiles may provide a useful method for accurate study of the\nmechanisms of anti-\n            <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n            immunity, indications of\nprognosis factors, and prospective evaluation of leptospirosis vaccine\nefficacy in\nhumans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00447-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,21]],"date-time":"2006-06-21T23:10:29Z","timestamp":1150931429000},"page":"4172-4179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Proinflammatory and Immunomodulatory Cytokine mRNA Time Course Profiles in Hamsters Infected with a Virulent Variant of\n            <i>Leptospirainterrogans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Fre\u0301de\u0301rique","family":"Vernel-Pauillac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherche en Bacte\u0301riologie, Institut Pasteur de\rNouvelle-Cale\u0301donie, 9-11 Avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61,\r98845 Noume\u0301a cedex, Nouvelle-Cale\u0301donie,\rFrance"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Merien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherche en Bacte\u0301riologie, Institut Pasteur de\rNouvelle-Cale\u0301donie, 9-11 Avenue Paul Doumer, BP 61,\r98845 Noume\u0301a cedex, Nouvelle-Cale\u0301donie,\rFrance"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200209-1077OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00091-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00439-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08159.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"332","volume":"10","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Fost, M., R. A. Hartskeerl, M. R. Groenendijk, and T. van der Poll. 2003. Interleukin 12 in part regulates gamma interferon release in human whole blood stimulated with Leptospira interrogans. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.10:332-335.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.1677-1683.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"45","volume":"26","year":"1965","unstructured":"Ellinghausen, H. C., and W. G. McCullough. 1965. Nutrition of Leptospira pomona and 13 other serotypes: fractionation of oleic albumin complex and a medium of bovine albumin and polysorbate 80. Am. J. Vet. Res.26:45-51.","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1245","volume":"13","year":"1991","unstructured":"Estavoyer, J. M., E. Racadot, G. Couetdic, J. Leroy, and L. Grosperrin. 1991. Tumor necrosis factor in patients with leptospirosis. Rev. Infect. Dis.13:1245-1246.","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Faine S. B. Adler C. Bolin and P. Perolat. 1999.\nLeptospira and leptospirosis. Medisci Melbourne Australia."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80250-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.3.1447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"151","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koth, M., and T. Calandra. 2003. Cytokine and chemokines, p.151 -161. In M. Koth and T. Calandra (ed.), Infectious diseases handbook. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.","journal-title":"Infectious diseases handbook"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/02335rr03"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(03)00267-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/49.6.955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00345-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2135-2142.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.2.729-738.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7550-7558.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6147-6157.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"33","volume":"14","year":"2003","unstructured":"Overbergh, L., A. Giulietti, D. Valckx, B. Decallonne, R. Bouillon, and C. Mathieu. 2003. The use of real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for the quantification of cytokine gene expression.J. Biomol. Tech.14:33-43.","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Tech."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-5-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540050164362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(01)00489-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(03)00074-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.5.1177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10904.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.848-853.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.887-895.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/86354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11112017"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00447-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00447-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T06:38:41Z","timestamp":1646462321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00447-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00447-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00447-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-04-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}