{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T01:18:49Z","timestamp":1767835129841,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"DOD | Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HDTRA-12-D-0003_0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA-12-D-0003_0019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Melioidosis is a disease that is difficult to treat due to the causative organism,\n              <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n              being inherently antibiotic resistant and it having the ability to invade, survive, and replicate in an intracellular environment. Combination therapy approaches are routinely being evaluated in animal models with the aim of improving the level of protection and clearance of colonizing bacteria detected. In this study, a subunit vaccine layered with the antibiotic finafloxacin was evaluated\n              <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              against an inhalational infection with\n              <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n              in Balb\/c mice. Groups of mice vaccinated, infected, and euthanized at antibiotic initiation had a reduced bacterial load compared to those that had not been immunized. In addition, the subunit vaccine provided a synergistic effect when it was delivered with a CpG ODN and finafloxacin was initiated at 48 h post-challenge. Vaccination was also shown to improve the outcome, in a composite measure of survival and clearance. In summary, layering a subunit vaccine with the antibiotic finafloxacin is a promising therapeutic alternative for use in the treatment of\n              <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n              infections.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00455-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T14:04:59Z","timestamp":1706623499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Layering vaccination with antibiotic therapy results in protection and clearance of\n            <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/i>\n            in Balb\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3125-9413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay B.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA"},{"name":"Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6763-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Burtnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA"},{"name":"Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Vente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MerLion Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MerLion Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark I.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen C.","family":"Flick-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne E.","family":"Thwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Laws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Maishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5983-7206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0159-5117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah V.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldr007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.5290-5294.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01262-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00404-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01218-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00724-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.698303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00724-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01847-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01637-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0384-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2015.1052401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00833-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00886-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12071096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00082-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02294-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01470-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.760698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01061-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1057202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.934312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04016-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.965572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.965518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2003.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1947.150.1.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400015801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b18041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02239-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022. Bacteria that causes rare disease melioidosis discovered in U.S. environmental samples. Press release. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/media\/releases\/2022\/p0727-Melioidosis.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.718719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1997.0179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00918.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0952-7915(00)00236-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","volume-title":"Janeway\u2019s Immunobiology","author":"Murphy K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murphy K, Weaver C, Berg L. 2022. Janeway\u2019s Immunobiology. 10th ed. Norton and Company, New York.","edition":"10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1908133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77077-z"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/iai.00455-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/iai.00455-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T14:01:10Z","timestamp":1710252070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/iai.00455-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Guy H.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/iai.00455-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00455-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00455-23"}}