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In this study, the interactions of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    with neurons\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    were investigated. The data obtained demonstrate that neurons can act as host cells for\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    .\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    bacilli were internalized by murine neuronal cultured cells in a time-dependent manner after exposure, with superior uptake by HT22 cells compared to Neuro-2a cells (17.7% versus 9.8%). Internalization of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    bacilli by human SK-N-SH cultured neurons suggested the clinical relevance of the findings. Moreover, primary murine hippocampus-derived neuronal cultures could similarly internalize\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . Internalized\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    bacilli represented a productive infection with retention of bacterial viability and replicative potential, increasing 2- to 4-fold within 48 h.\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    bacillus infection of neurons was confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the brains of C57BL\/6 mice after intracerebral challenge. This study, therefore, demonstrates neurons as potential new target cells for\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    within the central nervous system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00474-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]],"date-time":"2014-02-25T02:09:34Z","timestamp":1393294174000},"page":"1880-1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Neurons Are Host Cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Philippa J.","family":"Randall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai-Jen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boipelo","family":"Sebesho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasiema","family":"Allie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roanne","family":"Keeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngiambudulu M.","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumayah","family":"Salie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Labuschagn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Quesniaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Orleans and CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Ryffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Orleans and CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauriston","family":"Kellaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muazzam","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"2011","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis control","author":"WHO","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO. 2012. 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