{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T16:29:32Z","timestamp":1771864172256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Nontypeable\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (NTHi) is a frequent commensal of the human nasopharynx that causes opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Existing evidence associates lipooligosaccharide (LOS) with disease, but the specific and relative contributions of NTHi LOS modifications to virulence properties of the bacterium have not been comprehensively addressed. Using NTHi strain 375, an isolate for which the detailed LOS structure has been determined, we compared systematically a set of isogenic mutant strains expressing sequentially truncated LOS. The relative contributions of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid, the triheptose inner core, oligosaccharide extensions on heptoses I and III, phosphorylcholine, digalactose, and sialic acid to NTHi resistance to antimicrobial peptides (AMP), self-aggregation, biofilm formation, cultured human respiratory epithelial infection, and murine pulmonary infection were assessed. We show that\n            <jats:italic>opsX<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>lgtF<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>lpsA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>lic1<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>lic2A<\/jats:italic>\n            contribute to bacterial resistance to AMP;\n            <jats:italic>lic1<\/jats:italic>\n            is related to NTHi self-aggregation;\n            <jats:italic>lgtF<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>lic1<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>siaB<\/jats:italic>\n            are involved in biofilm growth;\n            <jats:italic>opsX<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>lgtF<\/jats:italic>\n            participate in epithelial infection; and\n            <jats:italic>opsX<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>lgtF<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>lpsA<\/jats:italic>\n            contribute to lung infection. Depending on the phenotype, the involvement of these LOS modifications occurs at different extents, independently or having an additive effect in combination. We discuss the relative contribution of LOS epitopes to NTHi virulence and frame a range of pathogenic traits in the context of infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00492-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T04:13:56Z","timestamp":1377576836000},"page":"4100-4111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Relative Contributions of Lipooligosaccharide Inner and Outer Core Modifications to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Pau","family":"Morey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Microbial Pathogenesis, Fundaci\u00f3n Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Illes Balears (FISIB), CSIC-Govern de les Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Viadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Microbial Pathogenesis, Fundaci\u00f3n Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Illes Balears (FISIB), CSIC-Govern de les Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog\u00eda, CSIC-Universidad P\u00fablica Navarra-Gobierno Navarra, Mutilva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Euba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog\u00eda, CSIC-Universidad P\u00fablica Navarra-Gobierno Navarra, Mutilva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek 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