{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:44:29Z","timestamp":1790966669630,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group A<jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>(GAS) is a gram-positive human bacterial pathogen that causes infections ranging in severity from pharyngitis to life-threatening invasive disease, such as necrotizing fasciitis. Serotype M28 strains are consistently isolated from invasive infections, particularly puerperal sepsis, a severe infection that occurs during or after childbirth. We recently sequenced the genome of a serotype M28 GAS strain and discovered a novel 37.4-kb foreign genetic element designated region of difference 2 (RD2). RD2 is similar in gene content and organization to genomic islands found in group B streptococci (GBS), the major cause of neonatal infections. RD2 encodes seven proteins with conventional gram-positive secretion signal sequences, six of which have not been characterized. Herein, we report that one of these six proteins (M28_Spy1325; Spy1325) is a member of the antigen I\/II family of cell surface-anchored molecules produced by oral streptococci. PCR and DNA sequence analysis found that Spy1325 is very well conserved in GAS strains of distinct M protein serotypes. As assessed by real-time TaqMan quantitative PCR, the Spy1325 gene was expressed in vitro, and Spy1325 protein was present in culture supernatants and on the GAS cell surface. Western immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicated that Spy1325 was produced by GAS in infected mice and humans. Importantly, the immunization of mice with recombinant Spy1325 fragments conferred protection against GAS-mediated mortality. Similar to other antigen I\/II proteins, recombinant Spy1325 bound purified human salivary agglutinin glycoprotein. Spy1325 may represent a shared virulence factor among GAS, GBS, and oral streptococci.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00493-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,21]],"date-time":"2006-06-21T23:10:29Z","timestamp":1150931429000},"page":"4200-4213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Identification and Characterization of an Antigen I\/II Family Protein Produced by Group A<i>Streptococcus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Shizhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Sitkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rance B.","family":"LeFebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Musser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2005. Active bacterial core surveillance (ABCs) report: emerging infections program network group A Streptococcus 2004\u2014provisional. [Online.] http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/dbmd\/abcs\/survreports\/gas04prelim.htm ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"319","year":"2005","unstructured":"Banks, D. J., S. B. Beres, and J. M. Musser. 2005. The contribution of phages to group A Streptococcus genetic diversity and pathogenesis, p. 319-334. In M. K. Waldor, D. I. Friedman, and S. L. Adhya (ed.), Phages: their role in bacterial pathogenesis and biotechnology. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Phages: their role in bacterial pathogenesis and biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510279103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152298499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200206000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.9.4274-4282.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.7.3913-3921.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-39-3-165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.5.1661-1666.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2004.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.1020-1025.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071559398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880006739X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03126.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345940730090301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02641.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3429-3435.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.21.13743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.19.10794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6629-6638.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04495.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.2021577.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.8.3199-3208.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.5.1964-1971.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.50.3.796-799.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.34.2.407-415.1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/380491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2245-2252.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1729-1738.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.10.3407-3414.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"331","volume":"77","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ma, J. K., M. Hunjan, R. Smith, and T. Lehner. 1989. Specificity of monoclonal antibodies in local passive immunization against Streptococcus mutans. Clin. Exp. Immunol.77:331-337.","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst019380s"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"1704","volume":"60","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mollenhauer, J., S. Herbertz, U. Holmskov, M. Tolnay, I. Krebs, A. Merlo, H. D. Schroder, D. Maier, F. Breitling, S. Wiemann, H. J. Grone, and A. Poustka. 2000. DMBT1 encodes a protein involved in the immune defense and in epithelial differentiation and is highly unstable in cancer. Cancer Res.60:1704-1710.","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0997-32"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M405434200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1096703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.23.7665-7672.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006928200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.22.6316-6324.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.28.2.486-493.1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.8.4699-4706.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1989.tb00243.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062526099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315693"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.6.1593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.1.332","volume":"146","year":"1991","unstructured":"Takahashi, I., N. Okahashi, K. Matsushita, M. Tokuda, T. Kanamoto, E. Munekata, M. W. Russell, and T. Koga. 1991. Immunogenicity and protective effect against oral colonization by Streptococcus mutans of synthetic peptides of a streptococcal surface protein antigen. J. Immunol.146:332-336.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506758102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182380799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4466-4471.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.754-765.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400820200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503671102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1147-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04045.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90011-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08512.x"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00493-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00493-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T20:12:40Z","timestamp":1683490360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00493-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00493-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00493-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-04-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}