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Rather, it has been shown that helminth products such as soluble egg antigens (SEA; a soluble extract from<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>eggs) inhibit the activation of DCs in response to classical Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as lipopolysaccharide or CpG. Nevertheless, recent work has suggested that TLR4 and\/or TLR2 plays an important role in the recognition of helminth products by DCs and macrophages and in the development of Th2 responses. Using DCs derived from TLR4<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>, TLR2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>, or MyD88<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, we have demonstrated that the ability of SEA to modulate DC activation is MyD88 independent and requires neither TLR4 nor TLR2. Moreover, TLR2 and TLR4 are not required for SEA-pulsed DCs to induce Th2 responses in nai\u0308ve mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00497-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]],"date-time":"2008-09-30T00:44:51Z","timestamp":1222735491000},"page":"5754-5759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>Egg Antigen-Mediated Modulation of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-Induced Activation Occurs Independently of TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Colleen M.","family":"Kane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euihye","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.4984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411223200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.2.777","volume":"159","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brunet, L. 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