{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:14:57Z","timestamp":1789953297878,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI 001065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI 001065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection is associated with diminished antigen-specific Th1- and Th17-associated responses and enhanced Th2-associated responses. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and IL-37 are two known anti-inflammatory cytokines that are highly expressed in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. stercoralis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection. We therefore wanted to examine the role of IL-27 and IL-37 in regulating CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            and CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell responses in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. stercoralis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection. To this end, we examined the frequency of Th1\/Tc1, Th2\/Tc2, Th9\/Tc9, Th17\/Tc17, and Th22\/Tc22 cells in 15\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. stercoralis<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected individuals and 10 uninfected individuals stimulated with parasite antigen following IL-27 or IL-37 neutralization. We also examined the production of prototypical type 1, type 2, type 9, type 17, and type 22 cytokines in the whole-blood supernatants. Our data reveal that IL-27 or IL-37 neutralization resulted in significantly enhanced frequencies of Th1\/Tc1, Th2\/Tc2, Th17\/Tc17, Th9, and Th22 cells with parasite antigen stimulation. There was no induction of any T cell response in uninfected individuals following parasite antigen stimulation and IL-27 or IL-37 neutralization. Moreover, we also observed increased production of gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), IL-5, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22 and decreased production of IL-10 following IL-27 and IL-37 neutralization and parasite antigen stimulation in whole-blood cultures. Thus, we demonstrate that IL-27 and IL-37 limit the induction of particular T cell subsets along with cytokine responses in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. stercoralis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections, which suggest the importance of IL-27 and IL-37 in immune modulation in a chronic helminth infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00500-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:55:31Z","timestamp":1504659331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Modulation of CD4\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            and CD8\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            T Cell Function and Cytokine Responses in Strongyloides stercoralis Infection by Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and IL-37"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Rajamanickam","family":"Anuradha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Munisankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukthi","family":"Bhootra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrakumar","family":"Dolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India"},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01053-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01354-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00067-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00298-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00300-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7635"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111982108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1416714111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-69"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.030"}],"container-title":["Infection 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