{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T08:59:09Z","timestamp":1792141149449,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is a highly adaptive bacterium that replicates as a free-living saprophyte in the environment as well as a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes invasive foodborne infections. The intracellular life cycle of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is considered to be its primary virulence determinant during mammalian infection; however, the proportion of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    that is intracellular\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    has not been studied extensively. In this report, we demonstrate that the majority of wild-type (strain EGDe) and mouse-adapted (InlA\n                    <jats:sup>m<\/jats:sup>\n                    -expressing)\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) was extracellular within the first few days after foodborne infection. In addition, significantly lower burdens of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    were recovered from the colon, spleen, and liver of gentamicin-treated mice than of control mice. This led us to investigate whether intracellular replication of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    was essential during the intestinal phase of infection. We found that lipoate protein ligase-deficient\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>lplA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mutants, which display impaired intracellular growth, were able to colonize the colon but did not persist efficiently and had a significant defect in spreading to the MLN, spleen, and liver. Together, these data indicate that the majority of the\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    burden in the gastrointestinal tract is extracellular, but the small proportion of intracellular\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is essential for dissemination to the MLN and systemic organs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00503-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T11:24:51Z","timestamp":1432725891000},"page":"3146-3156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Intracellular Listeria monocytogenes Comprises a Minimal but Vital Fraction of the Intestinal Burden following Foodborne Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Grant S.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate M.","family":"Bussell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Myers-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail M.","family":"Fieldhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa N.","family":"Bou Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E. 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An evaluation of the stability and plasma pharmacokinetics of R-lipoic acid (RLA) and R-dihydrolipoic acid (R-DHLA) dosage forms in human plasma from healthy volunteers, p 235\u2013270. In Patel MS, Packer L (ed), Lipoic acid: energy production, antioxidant activity & health effects. 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