{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:11:33Z","timestamp":1792174293868,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Genomics","award":["Intramural 60103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intramural 60103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The intracellular protozoan parasite\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            causes debilitating human diseases that involve visceral and dermal manifestations. Type 3 interferons (IFNs), also referred to as lambda IFNs (IFNL, IFN-L, or IFN-\u03bb), are known to play protective roles against intracellular pathogens at the epithelial surfaces. Herein, we show that\n            <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            induces IFN-\u03bb3 in human as well as mouse cell line-derived macrophages. Interestingly, IFN-\u03bb3 treatment significantly decreased parasite load in infected cells\n            <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n            mainly by increasing reactive oxygen species production. Microscopic examination showed that IFN-\u03bb3 inhibited uptake but not replication, while the phagocytic ability of the cells was not affected. This was confirmed by experiments that showed that IFN-\u03bb3 could decrease parasite load only when added to the medium at earlier time points, either during or soon after parasite uptake, but had no effect on parasite load when added at 24 h post-infection, suggesting that an early event during parasite uptake was targeted. Furthermore, the parasites could overcome the inhibitory effect of IFN-\u03bb3, which was added at earlier time points, within 2-3 days post-infection. BALB\/c mice treated with IFN-\u03bb3 before infection led to a significant increase in expression of IL-4 and ARG1 post-infection in the spleen and liver, respectively, and to different pathological changes, especially in the liver, but not to changes in parasite load. Treatment with IFN-\u03bb3 during infection did not decrease the parasite load in the spleen either. However, IFN-\u03bb3 was significantly increased in the sera of visceral leishmaniasis patients, and the IFNL genetic variant rs12979860 was significantly associated with susceptibility to leishmaniasis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00504-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T14:00:29Z","timestamp":1704808829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["IFN-\u03bb3 is induced by\n            <i>Leishmania donovani<\/i>\n            and can inhibit parasite growth in cell line models but not in the mouse model, while it shows a significant association with leishmaniasis in humans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Manjarika","family":"De","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumi","family":"Sukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"},{"name":"Centre for High Impact Neuroscience and Translational Applications (CHINTA), TCG-Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Bharatiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India"},{"name":"Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Keshri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India"},{"name":"Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debarati Guha","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India"},{"name":"Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutopa","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debrupa","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shriya","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarfaraz Ahmad","family":"Ejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India"},{"name":"Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. 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