{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:46:41Z","timestamp":1791812801406,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant public health burden that impact millions of people every year and are highly prevalent among hospital-acquired infections.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is globally the second most common cause of UTIs after uropathogenic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (UPEC). Thus far, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are better understood in UPEC than in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . UPEC is known to have virulence phenotypes such as fimbrial adhesion and evasion of complement-mediated killing. In other infection types,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      fitness has been associated with mucoidy and diverse capsular serotypes. To establish\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      virulence phenotypes contributing to UTI, we examined how environmental cues regulate urovirulence-associated phenotypes in clinical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      UTI strains. These phenotypes included capsular polysaccharide properties, hemagglutination, serum resistance, adherence to bladder epithelial cells, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      fitness. We found that clinical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      UTI isolates\u2019 phenotypes are highly heterogeneous and can change in response to human urine. Despite\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      clinical isolates presenting heterogeneous fitness properties, all similarly colonize the urinary tract. These results suggest that additional fitness factors contribute to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      uropathogenesis. Identifying these shared fitness factors will provide mechanistic insights into\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      uropathogenesis and reveal candidate therapeutic targets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00508-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:01:07Z","timestamp":1791810067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenotypically diverse\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    urinary tract infection isolates consistently cause pyelonephritis"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8596-2762","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Grace E.","family":"Shepard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pbdzh19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo","place":["Toledo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9829-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drew A.","family":"Pariseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pbdzh19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo","place":["Toledo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0790-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke E.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pbdzh19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo","place":["Toledo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolie","family":"Lagger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pbdzh19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo","place":["Toledo, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3368-4184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Mike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh","place":["Pittsburgh, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200205"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.888205"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7050138"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2279104"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01092-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","unstructured":"(IRC) ARDAIIaRC. 2024. 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