{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T08:55:54Z","timestamp":1776588954661,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI007414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI007414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI114277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI114277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrinsic to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>infection is the parasite-induced modulation of the host immune response, which ensures establishment of a chronic lifelong infection. This manipulation of the host immune response allows<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>to not only dampen the ability of the host to eliminate the parasite but also trigger parasite differentiation to the slow-growing, encysted bradyzoite form. We previously used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile the transcriptomes of mice and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>during acute and chronic stages of infection. One of the most abundant host transcripts during acute and chronic infection was Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1). In this study, we determined that ZBP1 functions to control<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>growth. In activated macrophages isolated from ZBP1 deletion (ZBP1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>has an increased rate of replication and a decreased rate of degradation. We also identified a novel function for ZBP1 as a regulator of nitric oxide (NO) production in activated macrophages, even in the absence of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>infection. Upon stimulation,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>-infected ZBP1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>macrophages display increased proinflammatory cytokines compared to wild-type macrophages under the same conditions. These<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>phenotypes were recapitulated<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, with ZBP1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice having increased susceptibility to oral challenge, higher cyst burdens during chronic infection, and elevated inflammatory cytokine responses. Taken together, these results highlight a role for ZBP1 in assisting host control of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00511-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T03:05:13Z","timestamp":1470107113000},"page":"3063-3070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Z-DNA Binding Protein Mediates Host Control of Toxoplasma gondii Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Kelly J.","family":"Pittman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick W.","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Knoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.6.912","article-title":"Functional classification of interferon-stimulated genes identified using microarrays","volume":"69","author":"de Veer MJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"de Veer MJ, Holko M, Frevel M, Walker E, Der S, Paranjape JM, Silverman RH, Williams BR. 2001. 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