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Tarp (translocated actin recruiting phosphoprotein), a type III secreted effector that mediates actin nucleation, is central to<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>infection. The phylogenetic analysis of<jats:italic>tarP<\/jats:italic>from reference strains as well as ocular, genital, and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) clinical isolates demonstrated an evolutionary relationship with disease phenotype, with LGV and ocular isolates branched into clades that were separate from the urogenital isolates. The sequence analysis of Tarp indicated a high degree of variability and identified trends within clinical groupings. Tarps from LGV strains contained the highest number of tyrosine-rich repeat regions (up to nine) and the fewest (two) predicted actin binding domains. The converse was noted for Tarp proteins from ocular isolates that contained up to four actin binding domains and as few as one tyrosine-rich repeat region. The results suggest that Tarp is among the few known genes to play a role in<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>adaptations to specific niches within the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00515-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,7]],"date-time":"2010-07-07T02:22:06Z","timestamp":1278469326000},"page":"3678-3688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Phylogenetic Analysis of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>Tarp and Correlation with Clinical Phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Erika I.","family":"Lutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Bonner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Suchland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter E.","family":"Stamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Jewett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"},{"name":"Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"McClarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Hackstadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.44.2.479-485.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241377698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2004-5-6-r42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.578-585.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.4.950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"149","volume":"5","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brunham, R. 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