{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T02:37:14Z","timestamp":1775961434384,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the causative agent of melioidosis, evades macrophage killing by suppressing the TRIF-dependent pathway, leading to inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. We previously demonstrated that virulent wild-type\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            inhibits the TRIF-dependent pathway by upregulating sterile-\u03b1- and armadillo motif-containing protein (SARM) and by inhibiting downregulation of signal regulatory protein \u03b1 (SIRP\u03b1); both molecules are negative regulators of Toll-like receptor signaling. In contrast, the less virulent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutant of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            is unable to exhibit these features and is susceptible to macrophage killing. However, the functional relationship of these two negative regulators in the evasion of macrophage defense has not been elucidated. We demonstrated here that SIRP\u03b1 downregulation was observed after inhibition of SARM expression by small interfering RNA in wild-type-infected macrophages, indicating that SIRP\u03b1 downregulation is regulated by SARM. Furthermore, this downregulation requires activation of the TRIF signaling pathway, as we observed abrogation of SIRP\u03b1 downregulation as well as restricted bacterial growth in LPS mutant-infected TRIF-depleted macrophages. Although inhibition of SARM expression is correlated to SIRP\u03b1 downregulation and iNOS upregulation in gamma interferon-activated wild-type-infected macrophages, these phenomena appear to bypass the TRIF-dependent pathway. Similar to live bacteria, the wild-type LPS is able to upregulate SARM and to prevent SIRP\u03b1 downregulation, implying that the LPS of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            may play a crucial role in regulating the expression of these two negative regulators. Altogether, our findings show a previously unrecognized role of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            -induced SARM in inhibiting SIRP\u03b1 downregulation-mediated iNOS upregulation, facilitating the ability of the bacterium to multiply in macrophages.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00519-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,9]],"date-time":"2013-07-09T00:37:28Z","timestamp":1373330248000},"page":"3463-3471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sterile-\u03b1- and Armadillo Motif-Containing Protein Inhibits the TRIF-Dependent Downregulation of Signal Regulatory Protein \u03b1 To Interfere with Intracellular Bacterial Elimination in Burkholderia pseudomallei-Infected Mouse Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Baral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pongsak","family":"Utaisincharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1204699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.3.782-790.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Effects of Burkholderia pseudomallei and other Burkholderia species on eukaryotic cells in tissue culture","volume":"96","author":"Harley VS","year":"1998","unstructured":"HarleyVSDanceDADrasarBSToveyG. 1998. Effects of Burkholderia pseudomallei and other Burkholderia species on eukaryotic cells in tissue culture. Microbios 96:71\u201393.","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03190.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5377-5384.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328322e727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00966-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00285-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00574.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01139.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03876.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"282","article-title":"Involvement of the MyD88-independent pathway in controlling the intracellular fate of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7","volume":"54","author":"Tangsudjai S","year":"2010","unstructured":"TangsudjaiSPudlaMLimposuwanKWoodsDESirisinhaSUtaisincharoenP. 2010. Involvement of the MyD88-independent pathway in controlling the intracellular fate of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Microbiol. Immunol. 54:282\u2013290.","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00128.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3053-3057.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00718-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01254-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00115-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05405.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.2.225-229.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-12-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.3153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01349.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2011.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318194b1bf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.4.1111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.4055-4063.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0309189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3593-3600.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.10.4108-4113.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1110602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1477-1482.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297910040012"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00519-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00519-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T20:17:22Z","timestamp":1646425042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00519-13"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"J. B.","family":"Bliska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00519-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00519-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-06-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}