{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:13:18Z","timestamp":1780632798317,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Biofilm formation and persistence are essential components for the continued survival of pathogens inside the host and constitute a major contributor to the development of chronic wounds with resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Understanding these processes is crucial for control of biofilm-mediated disease. Though chronic wound infections are often polymicrobial in nature, much of the research on chronic wound-related microbes has focused on single-species models.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            are microbes that are often found together in wound isolates and are able to form stable\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            biofilms, despite the antagonistic nature of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            with other organisms. Mutants of the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain IA565 lacking the plasmid-borne\n            <jats:italic>mrkD<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>1P<\/jats:sub>\n            gene were less competitive than the wild type in an\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            dual-species biofilm model with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            (PAO1). PAO1 spent medium inhibited the formation of biofilm of\n            <jats:italic>mrkD<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>1P<\/jats:sub>\n            -deficient mutants and disrupted preestablished biofilms, with no effect on IA565 and no effect on the growth of the wild type or mutants. A screen using a two-allele PAO1 transposon library identified the LasB elastase as the secreted effector involved in biofilm disruption, and a purified version of the protein produced results similar to those with PAO1 spent medium. Various other proteases had a similar effect, suggesting that the disruption of the\n            <jats:italic>mrkD<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>1P<\/jats:sub>\n            gene causes sensitivity to general proteolytic effects and indicating a role for MrkD\n            <jats:sub>1P<\/jats:sub>\n            in protection against host antibiofilm effectors. Our results suggest that MrkD\n            <jats:sub>1P<\/jats:sub>\n            allows for competition of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            in a mixed-species biofilm and provides defense against microbial and host-derived proteases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00521-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T04:13:56Z","timestamp":1377576836000},"page":"4112-4120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["MrkD\n            <sub>1P<\/sub>\n            from Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain IA565 Allows for Coexistence with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Protection from Protease-Mediated Biofilm Detachment"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Brandon M.","family":"Childers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Branch, U.S. Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tricia A.","family":"Van Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Branch, U.S. Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Branch, U.S. Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai P.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Branch, U.S. Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00399-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01913-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/417552a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039139881003300906"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-43"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.10.4481-4485.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5794-5804.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.4.1729-1736.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26280-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2012.02635.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700062603"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5805-5812.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26434-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00690.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00697.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/w01-095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00018-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.3.1027-1036.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00526-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01214-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M112.017673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002489900002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00129-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00304-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2887-2894.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01479-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-011-4195-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000323563.59885.1c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01037-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35023079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.5.2026-2032.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.036350-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.4.1577-1588.1992"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00521-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00521-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T12:25:17Z","timestamp":1646483117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00521-13"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"S. M.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00521-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00521-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}