{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:52:44Z","timestamp":1791409964315,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A genomic island encoding the biosynthesis and secretion pathway of putative hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide colibactin has been recently described in\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . Colibactin acts as a cyclomodulin and blocks the eukaryotic cell cycle. The origin and prevalence of the colibactin island among enterobacteria are unknown. We therefore screened 1,565 isolates of different genera and species related to the\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            by PCR for the presence of this DNA element. The island was detected not only in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            but also in\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacter aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Citrobacter koseri<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates. It was highly conserved among these species and was always associated with the yersiniabactin determinant. Structural variations between individual strains were only observed in an intergenic region containing variable numbers of tandem repeats. In\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            , the colibactin island was usually restricted to isolates of phylogenetic group B2 and inserted at the\n            <jats:italic>asnW<\/jats:italic>\n            tRNA locus. Interestingly, in\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>E. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>C. koseri<\/jats:italic>\n            , and three\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            strains of phylogenetic group B1, the functional colibactin determinant was associated with a genetic element similar to the integrative and conjugative elements ICE\n            <jats:italic>Ec1<\/jats:italic>\n            and ICE\n            <jats:italic>Kp1<\/jats:italic>\n            and to several enterobacterial plasmids. Different\n            <jats:italic>asn<\/jats:italic>\n            tRNA genes served as chromosomal insertion sites of the ICE-associated colibactin determinant:\n            <jats:italic>asnU<\/jats:italic>\n            in the three\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            strains of ECOR group B1, and different\n            <jats:italic>asn<\/jats:italic>\n            tRNA loci in\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            . The detection of the colibactin genes associated with an ICE-like element in several enterobacteria provides new insights into the spread of this gene cluster and its putative mode of transfer. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of genetic exchange between members of the family\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00522-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:58:42Z","timestamp":1251766722000},"page":"4696-4703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":336,"title":["Genetic Structure and Distribution of the Colibactin Genomic Island among Members of the Family\n            <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Putze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Wu\u0308rzburg, Institut fu\u0308r Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Ro\u0308ntgenring 11, 97070 Wu\u0308rzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hennequin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 d'Auvergne-Clermont1, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 28 Place H. Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Nougayre\u0300de","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1225, F-31076 Toulouse, France, and Universite\u0301 de Toulouse, ENVT, UMR1225, F-31076 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Hygiene, Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nster, Robert Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Homburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Wu\u0308rzburg, Institut fu\u0308r Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Ro\u0308ntgenring 11, 97070 Wu\u0308rzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Karch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Hygiene, Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nster, Robert Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Agne\u0301s","family":"Bringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Microbienne Mole\u0301culaire and Unite\u0301 INSERM 786, 28, Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Fayolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Carniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Rabsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert-Koch-Institut, Aussenstelle Wernigerode, Burgstrasse 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias A.","family":"Oelschlaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Wu\u0308rzburg, Institut fu\u0308r Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Ro\u0308ntgenring 11, 97070 Wu\u0308rzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Oswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1225, F-31076 Toulouse, France, and Universite\u0301 de Toulouse, ENVT, UMR1225, F-31076 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Forestier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 d'Auvergne-Clermont1, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 28 Place H. 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