{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:14:52Z","timestamp":1776258892181,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Increased risk of preterm labor has been linked to cervicovaginal infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and group B streptococci. Although various experimental models have been developed to study the role of amniochorion infection in preterm labor, they typically exclude the initial interaction between intrauterine leukocytes (recruited from decidual vessels into the avascular fetal membranes) and infecting bacteria. In this work, we ascertained whether inflammatory molecules secreted by bacterium-activated intrauterine leukocytes stimulate the amniochorion production of mediators involved in human labor. Using a two-step process beginning with placental circulating leukocytes as a proxy for intrauterine leukocytes, we found that coincubation of amniochorion explants with plasma from placental whole blood preincubated with group B streptococci resulted in a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels in tissue. Extensive changes in the connective tissue arrangement and a decrease in collagen content demonstrated the degradation of the extracellular matrix following this treatment. In contrast, plasma from blood preconditioned with\n                    <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced a highly significant secretion of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and prostaglandin E\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) by the amniochorion without changes in the extracellular matrix organization or content. These data demonstrate that group B streptococci induce degradation of the amniochorion as a result of MMP-9 production, probably via TNF-\u03b1, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    stimulates the secretion of PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , probably via IL-1\u03b2, potentially stimulating myometrial contraction. Our study provides novel evidence that the immunological cells circulating within the uterine microenvironment respond differentially to an infectious agent, triggering alternative molecular signaling pathways leading to human labor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00522-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,30]],"date-time":"2010-08-30T21:12:35Z","timestamp":1283202755000},"page":"4792-4799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Interaction between Pathogenic Bacteria and Intrauterine Leukocytes Triggers Alternative Molecular Signaling Cascades Leading to Labor in Women"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Estrada-Gutierrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Direction"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nardhy","family":"Gomez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Direction"},{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Zaga-Clavellina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Direction"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Giono-Cerezo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Espejel-Nun\u0303ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Direction"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Gonzalez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Espino y Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Direction"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Vadillo-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01410.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(88)80093-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.004721"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"479","volume":"57","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bejar, R., V. 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