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This polymer is normally masked from immune recognition by a layer of mannosylated glycoproteins on the outer cell wall, but it can become exposed in certain conditions. Prior work showed that the putative secretory protein Fgr41 is downregulated in conditions that increase \u03b2(1, 3)-glucan exposure, including caspofungin treatment or activation of the Cek1 MAP kinase pathway. Disruption of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FGR41<\/jats:italic>\n                      increases\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b2(1, 3)-glucan unmasking and reduces kidney fungal burden in murine systemic infections in an immune-dependent manner. We tested the impact of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FGR41<\/jats:italic>\n                      on immune evasion by measuring tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) secretion from murine macrophages\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fgr41\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant elicited ~4 times more TNF-\u03b1 from macrophages than wild-type. Antibody neutralization of dectin-1 did not significantly reduce TNF-\u03b1 released from macrophages challenged with the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fgr41\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain. However, an inhibitory, soluble \u03b2-glucan (laminarin) significantly reduced\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fgr41\u0394\/\u0394-<\/jats:italic>\n                      induced stimulation, suggesting that macrophage recognition of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fgr41\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant is driven by the detection of exposed \u03b2(1, 3)-glucan by another receptor. When assessed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the attenuated virulence observed for the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fgr41\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain in wild-type mice was similar in dectin-1\n                      <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice, indicating that a non-dectin-1 mechanism recognizes the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fgr41\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Genetic data suggest that the role of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FGR41<\/jats:italic>\n                      in immune evasion is partially dependent on the cell wall \u03b2-glucanase\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ENG1<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Overexpression of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ENG1<\/jats:italic>\n                      partially suppresses\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fgr41\u0394\/\u0394-<\/jats:italic>\n                      induced unmasking and TNF-\u03b1 stimulation, but the opposite is not true, indicating that these proteins may work together.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00523-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:00:37Z","timestamp":1774616437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Loss of Fgr41 in\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    attenuates virulence and increases proinflammatory immune responses in a manner that is dependent on \u03b2(1,3)-glucan but not dectin-1"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3680-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ainsley E.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/020f3ap87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee","place":["Knoxville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4576-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikayla M.","family":"Mangrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/020f3ap87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee","place":["Knoxville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah 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