{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T15:23:34Z","timestamp":1759937014100},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Passive transfer of antibody may be useful for preexposure prophylaxis against biological agents used as weapons of terror, such as<jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>. Studies were performed to evaluate the ability of anthrax antiprotective antigen (anti-PA) and antilethal factor (anti-LF) neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to protect against an anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) challenge in a mouse model and to identify correlates of immunity to LeTx challenge. Despite having similar affinities for their respective antigens, anti-PA (3F11) and anti-LF (9A11), passive transfer of up to 1.5 mg of anti-PA 3F11 mAb did not provide significant protection when transferred to mice 24 h before LeTx challenge, while passive transfer of as low as 0.375 mg of anti-LF 9A11 did provide significant protection. Serum collected 24 h after passive transfer had LeTx-neutralizing activity when tested using a standard LeTx neutralization assay, but neutralization titers measured using this assay did not correlate with protection against LeTx challenge. However, measurement of LeTx-neutralizing serum responses with an LeTx neutralization assay in vitro employing the addition of LeTx to J774A.1 cells 15 min before the addition of the serum did result in neutralization titers that correlated with protection against LeTx challenge. Our results demonstrate that only the LeTx neutralization titers measured utilizing the addition of LeTx to J774A.1 cells 15 min before the addition of sample correlated with protection in vivo. Thus, this LeTx neutralization assay may be a more biologically relevant neutralization assay to predict the in vivo protective capacity of LeTx-neutralizing antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00529-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,21]],"date-time":"2007-08-21T00:58:49Z","timestamp":1187657929000},"page":"5443-5452","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Anthrax Anti-Protective Antigen and Anti-Lethal Factor Monoclonal Antibodies after Passive Transfer in a Mouse Lethal Toxin Challenge Model To Define Correlates of Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Herman F.","family":"Staats","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"},{"name":"Immunology"},{"name":"Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Munir","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Scearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaun M.","family":"Kirwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia Xianzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Gwinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barton F.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology"},{"name":"Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/0889222041725181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00197-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01309641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20014091096738"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.20.2554"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.2.517-524.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6313-6317.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00593.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.30.3.226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00021-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"2853","volume":"69","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hall, E. R., T. F. Wierzba, C. Ahren, M. R. Rao, S. Bassily, W. Francis, F. Y. Girgis, M. Safwat, Y. J. Lee, A.-M. Svennerholm, J. D. Clemens, and S. J. Savarino. 2001. Induction of systemic antifimbria and antitoxin antibody responses in Egyptian children and adults by an oral, killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine Infect. Immun.69:2853-2857.","journal-title":"Immun."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)80112-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.2.662-668.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.702-707.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.544-550.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.20.2595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1997.13.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6547-6551.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.5171-5175.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.7.1807-1813.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.6.1606-1613.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.1.250","volume":"134","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lobach, D. F., R. M. Scearce, and B. F. Haynes. 1985. The human thymic microenvironment. Phenotypic characterization of Hassall's bodies with the use of monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol.134:250-257.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8362-8368.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.20.2549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0602-597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.3.1241","volume":"133","year":"1984","unstructured":"McFarland, E. J., R. M. Scearce, and B. F. Haynes. 1984. The human thymic microenvironment: cortical thymic epithelium is an antigenically distinct region of the thymic microenvironment. J. Immunol.133:1241-1249.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.795-802.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3276-3283.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","unstructured":"NIAID category A B & C priority pathogens. 2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.22.558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172229899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.5.2373-2383.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.1.247","volume":"135","year":"1985","unstructured":"Palker, T. J., R. M. Scearce, W. Ho, T. D. Copeland, S. Oroszlan, M. Popovic, and B. F. Haynes. 1985. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human T cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLVI) p19 internal core protein: cross-reactivity with normal tissues and differential reactivity with HTLV types I and II. J. Immunol.135:247-254.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.159.4.1117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.794-797.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00234-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","first-page":"713","volume":"12","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pittman, P. R., S. F. Leitman, J. G. B. Oro, S. L. Norris, N. M. Marano, M. V. Ranadive, B. S. Sink, and K. T. McKee, Jr. 2005. Protective antigen and toxin neutralization antibody patterns in anthrax vaccinees undergoing serial plasmapheresis. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.12:713-721.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"213","volume":"19","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pittman, P. R., J. A. Mangiafico, C. A. Rossi, T. L. Cannon, P. H. Gibbs, G. W. Parker, and A. M. Friedlander. 2001. Anthrax vaccine: increasing intervals between the first two doses enhances antibody response in humans. Vaccine19:213-216.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4509-4515.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.2888-2893.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(83)03032-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1987.tb03035.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"55","volume":"4","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xu, W., B. A. Smith-Franklin, P. L. Li, C. Wood, J. He, Q. Du, G. J. Bhat, C. Kankasa, H. Katinger, L. A. Cavacini, M. R. Posner, D. R. Burton, T. C. Chou, and R. M. Ruprecht. 2001. Potent neutralization of primary human immunodeficiency virus clade C isolates with a synergistic combination of human monoclonal antibodies raised against clade B. J. Hum. Virol.4:55-61.","journal-title":"J. Hum. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"129","volume":"12","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao, P., X. Liang, J. Kalbfleisch, H. M. Koo, and B. Cao. 2003. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody against anthrax lethal factor inhibits intoxication in a mouse model. Hum. Antibodies12:129-135.","journal-title":"Hum. Antibodies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1986.5.21"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00529-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00529-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T21:13:21Z","timestamp":1684012401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00529-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00529-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00529-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-08-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}