{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:55:35Z","timestamp":1790924135875,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a frequent cause of disseminated candidiasis and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although important in pathogenesis, interactions of this organism with endothelial cells have received less attention than those of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Internalization of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            by monolayers of human endothelial cells was examined in an\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            assay and compared to that of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Both live and heat-killed yeast were efficiently internalized, with heat-killed yeast subsequently being detected in an acidic subcompartment. Internalization was marked by a process of engulfment by thin membrane extensions from the endothelium. Efficiency of internalization differed among different clinical isolates and species of yeast. Opsonization of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            by serum factors was not sufficient to cause endocytosis; instead, serum appeared to directly stimulate endothelial uptake. Colocalization of endothelial actin and N-WASP at sites of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            internalization was observed. A F\u00f6rster-resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe for N-WASP activity showed active N-WASP at sites of internalization for both live and heat-killed\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            . An actin nucleation inhibitor (cytochalasin D) and an N-WASP inhibitor (wiskostatin) both inhibited uptake of heat-killed\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , as did short interfering RNA-mediated ablation of N-WASP. Thus, endocytosis by endothelial cells may represent a means of traversal of the blood vessel wall by yeast during disseminated candidiasis, and N-WASP may play a key role in the process.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00535-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]],"date-time":"2013-05-21T02:54:23Z","timestamp":1369104863000},"page":"2777-2787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Human Endothelial Cells Internalize Candida parapsilosis via N-WASP-Mediated Endocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Tatsushi","family":"Shintaku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women &amp; Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women &amp; 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