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In this study, our objective was to investigate how the bacterial enteropathogen\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which causes bacillary dysentery, copes with the mucin defense barrier. We report that upon\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            infection of mucin-producing polarized human intestinal epithelial cells, virulent\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            manipulates the secretion of gel-forming mucins. This phenomenon, which is triggered only by virulent strains, results in accumulation of mucins at the cell apical surface, leading to the appearance of a gel-like structure that favors access of bacteria to the cell surface and the subsequent invasion process. We identify MUC5AC, a gel-forming mucin, as a component of this structure. Formation of this gel does not depend on modifications of electrolyte concentrations, induction of trefoil factor expression, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or response to unfolded proteins. In addition, transcriptional and biochemical analyses of infected cells reveal modulations of mucin gene expression and modifications of mucin glycosylation patterns, both of which are induced by virulent bacteria in a type III secretion system-dependent manner. Thus,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            has developed a dedicated strategy to alter the mucus barrier by targeting key elements of the gel-forming capacity of mucins: gene transcription, protein glycosylation, and secretion.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00551-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T02:44:54Z","timestamp":1374547494000},"page":"3632-3643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Virulent Shigella flexneri Affects Secretion, Expression, and Glycosylation of Gel-Forming Mucins in Mucus-Producing Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Brice","family":"Sperandio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pathog\u00e9nie Microbienne Mol\u00e9culaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U786, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pathog\u00e9nie Microbienne Mol\u00e9culaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U786, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Joncquel","family":"Chevalier-Curt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lille Nord de France, Lille, France"},{"name":"USTL, UGSF, IFR 147, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Rossez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lille Nord de France, Lille, France"},{"name":"USTL, UGSF, IFR 147, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme d'Imagerie Dynamique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Robbe Masselot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lille Nord de France, Lille, France"},{"name":"USTL, UGSF, IFR 147, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe J.","family":"Sansonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pathog\u00e9nie Microbienne Mol\u00e9culaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U786, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"},{"name":"Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Coll\u00e8ge de France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.5.G922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803124105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.141481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)41965-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.45.31751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3470037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208483200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110050576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2000.0763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"119","article-title":"Up-regulation of mucin secretion in HT29-MTX cells by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6","volume":"12","author":"Smirnova MG","year":"2001","unstructured":"SmirnovaMGKiselevSLBirchallJPPearsonJP. 2001. 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