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One variable component of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia<\/jats:named-content>\n            biology involves arthropod vectors: for instance, typhus group rickettsiae are principally vectored by insects (i.e., lice and fleas), whereas spotted fever group rickettsiae are exclusively vectored by ticks. For flea-borne\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the etiological agent of murine typhus, research on vertebrate host biology is facilitated using cell lines and animal models. However, due to the lack of any stable flea cell line or a published flea genome sequence, little is known regarding\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            biology in flea vectors that, importantly, do not suffer lethality due to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection. To address if fleas combat rickettsial infection, we characterized the cat flea (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ctenocephalides felis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) innate immune response to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Initially, we determined that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            infects\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Drosophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells and increases antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression, indicating immune pathway activation. While bioinformatics analysis of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. felis<\/jats:named-content>\n            transcriptome identified homologs to all of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Drosophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            immune deficiency (IMD) and Toll pathway components, an AMP gene expression profile in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Drosophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells indicated IMD pathway activation upon rickettsial infection. Accordingly, we assessed\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            -mediated flea IMD pathway activation\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown. Knockdown of\n            <jats:italic>Relish<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Imd<\/jats:italic>\n            increased\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection levels, implicating the IMD pathway as a critical regulator of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            burden in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. felis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . These data suggest that targeting the IMD pathway could minimize the spread of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">R. typhi<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and potentially other human pathogens, vectored by fleas.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00562-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T15:15:09Z","timestamp":1509376509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Cat Flea (Ctenocephalides felis) Immune Deficiency Signaling Pathway Regulates Rickettsia typhi Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Sherri A.","family":"Rennoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen E.","family":"Rennoll-Bankert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Guillotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie S.","family":"Lehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Beier-Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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