{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:28:23Z","timestamp":1791073703457,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The transformation of the enteropathogenic bacterium\n            <jats:italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            into the plague bacillus,\n            <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            , has been accompanied by extensive genetic loss. This study focused on chromosomal regions conserved in\n            <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            and lost during its transformation into\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            . An extensive PCR screening of 78 strains of the two species identified five regions (R1 to R5) and four open reading frames (ORFs;\n            <jats:italic>orf1<\/jats:italic>\n            to\n            <jats:italic>orf4<\/jats:italic>\n            ) that were conserved in\n            <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            and absent from\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            . Their conservation in\n            <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            suggests a positive selective pressure and a role during the life cycle of this species. Attempts to delete two ORFs (\n            <jats:italic>orf3<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>orf4<\/jats:italic>\n            ) from the chromosome of strain IP32953 were unsuccessful, indicating that they are essential for its viability. The seven remaining loci were individually deleted from the IP32953 chromosome, and the ability of each mutant to grow in vitro and to kill mice upon intragastric infection was evaluated. Four loci (\n            <jats:italic>orf1<\/jats:italic>\n            , R2, R4, and R5) were not required for optimal growth or virulence of\n            <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            . In contrast,\n            <jats:italic>orf2<\/jats:italic>\n            , encoding a putative pseudouridylate synthase involved in RNA stability, was necessary for the optimal growth of IP32953 at 37\u00b0C in a chemically defined medium (M63S). Deletion of R1, a region predicted to encode the methionine salvage pathway, altered the mutant pathogenicity, suggesting that the availability of free methionine is severely restricted in vivo. R3, a region composed mostly of genes of unknown functions, was necessary for both optimal growth of\n            <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            at 37\u00b0C in M63S and for virulence. Therefore, despite their loss in\n            <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n            , five of the nine\n            <jats:italic>Y. pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific chromosomal loci studied play a role in the survival, growth, or virulence of this species.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00568-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,5]],"date-time":"2008-08-05T00:40:04Z","timestamp":1217896804000},"page":"4592-4599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of Chromosomal Regions Conserved in\n            <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/i>\n            and Lost by\n            <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Flavie","family":"Pouillot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Fayolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Carniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408026101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.58.2.145-161.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404012101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00124-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(90)90505-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3170285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi010110y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.3.1193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687680050117101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.16.4601-4611.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05570.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00181-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.15.8610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(86)90199-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355838200001588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2550105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.14.4121-4130.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04544.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1507303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05218.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7610-7615.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55811-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-138-8-1679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.5755-5762.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.12.2183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80958-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(97)00170-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.170.12.5479-5488.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74533-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"445","volume":"1","year":"1987","unstructured":"Neuhard, J., and P. 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