{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:31:36Z","timestamp":1791174696368,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n            is a helminth pathogen that drives Th2\/Treg immune responses in its mammalian host. The parasite releases a large number of molecules that are critical to inducing this type of immune response. Here we have selected recombinant forms of two major\n            <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n            secreted molecules, the protease cathepsin L (rFhCL1) and an antioxidant, sigma class glutathione transferase (rFhGST-si), to examine their interactions with dendritic cells (DCs). Despite enzymatic and functional differences between these molecules, both induced interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12p40, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) secretion from DCs and enhanced CD40 expression. While this induction was mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the subsequent intracellular signaling pathways differed; rFhCL1 signaled through p38, and rFhGST-si mediated its effect via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, p-NF-\u03baBp65, and IRF5. Neither rFhCL1 nor rFhGST-si enhanced DC phagocytosis or induced Th2 immune responses\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . However, DCs matured in the presence of either enzyme attenuated IL-17 production from OVA peptide-specific T cells\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . In addition, DCs exposed to either antigen secreted reduced levels of IL-23. Therefore, both\n            <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n            FhCL1 and FhGST-si modulate host immunity by suppressing responses associated with chronic inflammation\u2014an immune modulatory mechanism that may benefit the parasite's survival within the host.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00573-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,17]],"date-time":"2009-11-17T02:55:18Z","timestamp":1258426518000},"page":"793-801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Major Secretory Antigens of the Helminth\n            <i>Fasciola hepatica<\/i>\n            Activate a Suppressive Dendritic Cell Phenotype That Attenuates Th17 Cells but Fails To Activate Th2 Immune Responses"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Dowling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasite Immune Modulation Group, School of Nursing, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare M.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasite Immune Modulation Group, School of Nursing, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"La Course","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Brophy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasite Immune Modulation Group, School of Nursing, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207577200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.5788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.4984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.3837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00673-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5372-5378.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118209900517X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.37.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"6263","volume":"23","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chemale, G., R. 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