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To evaluate the potential virulence properties of Psa for pneumonic plague, an<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>strain expressing Psa was engineered and shown to adhere to three types of human respiratory tract epithelial cells. Psa binding specificity was confirmed with Psa-coated polystyrene beads and by inhibition assays. Individual<jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>cells were found to be able to express the capsular antigen fraction 1 (F1) concomitantly with Psa on their surface when analyzed by flow cytometry. To better evaluate the separate effects of F1 and Psa on the adhesive and invasive properties of<jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>, isogenic \u0394<jats:italic>caf<\/jats:italic>(F1 genes), \u0394<jats:italic>psa<\/jats:italic>, and \u0394<jats:italic>caf<\/jats:italic>\u0394<jats:italic>psa<\/jats:italic>mutants were constructed and studied with the three respiratory tract epithelial cells. The \u0394<jats:italic>psa<\/jats:italic>mutant bound significantly less to all three epithelial cells compared to the parental wild-type strain and the \u0394<jats:italic>caf<\/jats:italic>and \u0394<jats:italic>caf \u0394psa<\/jats:italic>mutants, indicating that Psa acts as an adhesin for respiratory tract epithelial cells. An antiadhesive effect of F1 was clearly detectable only in the absence of Psa, underlining the dominance of the Psa<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>phenotype. Both F1 and Psa inhibited the intracellular uptake of<jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>. Thus, F1 inhibits bacterial uptake by inhibiting bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, whereas Psa seems to block bacterial uptake by interacting with a host receptor that doesn't direct internalization. The \u0394<jats:italic>caf \u0394psa<\/jats:italic>double mutant bound and invaded all three epithelial cell types well, revealing the presence of an undefined adhesin(s) and invasin(s).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00612-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,20]],"date-time":"2006-09-20T23:06:35Z","timestamp":1158793595000},"page":"5636-5644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Effects of Psa and F1 on the Adhesive and Invasive Interactions of<i>Yersinia pestis<\/i>with Human Respiratory Tract Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Fengzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaiqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela M.","family":"Galva\u0301n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Lasaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter M.","family":"Schifferli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00108-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.81.5.704-714.1961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.86.1.101-111.1963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02021.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01738-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.2.681-685.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(77)90000-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.83.4.348","volume":"83","year":"1959","unstructured":"Cavanaugh, D. 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