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With the resurgence of syphilis worldwide, neurosyphilis has become prevalent again, but research on its pathogenesis remains challenging.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibits remarkable invasive potential and immune evasion properties, which enable it to rapidly penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and infiltrate the central nervous system. Meanwhile, the immune response induced by this pathogen may cause tissue damage and accelerate disease progression. Additionally, host factors and the genotypes of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains are associated with susceptibility to neurosyphilis. This review systematically summarizes the latest literature on neurosyphilis, outlines recent advances in research on the effects of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      on the BBB, its immune interactions with the host, and omics-related studies, and aims to provide directions for future research on the pathogenesis of neurosyphilis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00621-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T15:13:30Z","timestamp":1769008410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>Treponema pallidum<\/i>\n                    \u2019s neural invasion: from blood-brain barrier breach to immune sabotage"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mqfn238","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China","place":["Hengyang, P.R. 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