{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:05:11Z","timestamp":1791104711590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The capsule has been implicated in the virulence of the swine pathogen\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a rod-shaped, intracellular Gram-positive bacterium that has a unique phylogenetic position in the phylum\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Firmicutes<\/jats:named-content>\n            and is a close relative of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mollicutes<\/jats:named-content>\n            (mycoplasma species). In this study, we analyzed the genetic locus and composition of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of the Fujisawa strain of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Genome analysis of the Fujisawa strain revealed that the genetic locus for capsular polysaccharide synthesis (\n            <jats:italic>cps<\/jats:italic>\n            ) is located next to an\n            <jats:italic>lic<\/jats:italic>\n            operon, which is involved in the incorporation and expression of phosphorylcholine (PCho). Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that\n            <jats:italic>cps<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>lic<\/jats:italic>\n            are transcribed as a single mRNA, indicating that the loci form an operon. Using the cell surface antigen-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) ER21 as a probe, the capsular materials were isolated from the Fujisawa strain by hot water extraction and treatment with DNase, RNase, pronase, and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetylmuramidase SG, followed by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The materials were then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The CPS of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>\n            is heterogeneous and consists of the major monosaccharides galacturonic acid, galactose, mannose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetylglucosamine and some minor monosaccharides containing ribose, rhamnose, and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetylgalactosamine. In addition, the capsule is modified by PCho, which comigrates with the capsular materials, as determined by Western immunoblotting, and colocalizes on the cell surface, as determined by immunogold electron microscopy. Virulence testing of PCho-defective mutants in mice demonstrated that PCho is critical for the virulence of this organism.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00635-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,5]],"date-time":"2012-09-05T06:48:28Z","timestamp":1346827708000},"page":"3993-4003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Capsular Polysaccharide of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the Causative Agent of Swine Erysipelas, and Its Modification with Phosphorylcholine"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunnkyoku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohsuke","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Ohnishi-Kameyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Shimoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05169.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o59-099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02844-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1997.0175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00741-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2005.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00853-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(00)00174-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701821104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"380","article-title":"Determination of reducing sugar and carbohydrates","volume":"1","author":"Hodge JE","year":"1962","unstructured":"HodgeJEHofreiterBT. 1962. 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