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During infection, bacteria use two-component systems (TCSs) to detect changing environmental cues within the host, allowing for rapid adaptation by altering the expression of specific genes. In this study, 26 TCSs were identified in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. rodentium<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that they are all expressed during murine infection. These TCSs were individually deleted, and the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            effects were analyzed to determine the functional consequences.\n            <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            analyses only revealed minor differences, and surprisingly, type III secretion (T3S) was only affected in the \u0394\n            <jats:italic>arcA<\/jats:italic>\n            strain. Murine infections identified 7 mutants with either attenuated or increased virulence. In agreement with the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            T3S assay, the \u0394\n            <jats:italic>arcA<\/jats:italic>\n            strain was attenuated and defective in colonization and cell adherence. The \u0394\n            <jats:italic>rcsB<\/jats:italic>\n            strain was among the most highly attenuated strains. The decrease in virulence of this strain may be associated with changes to the cell surface, as Congo red binding was altered, and qPCR revealed that expression of the\n            <jats:italic>wcaA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, which has been implicated in colanic acid production in other bacteria, was drastically downregulated. The \u0394\n            <jats:italic>uvrY<\/jats:italic>\n            strain exhibited increased virulence compared to the wild type, which was associated with a significant increase in bacterial burden within the mesenteric lymph nodes. The systematic analysis of virulence-associated TCSs and investigation of their functions during infection may open new avenues for drug development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00654-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T03:10:23Z","timestamp":1479784223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Systematic Analysis of Two-Component Systems in Citrobacter rodentium Reveals Positive and Negative Roles in Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Jenny-Lee","family":"Thomassin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Mathieu","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 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