{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T11:14:28Z","timestamp":1789816468804,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Despite excellent vaccine coverage in developed countries, whooping cough is a reemerging disease that can be caused by two closely related pathogens,\n            <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            . The two are antigenically distinct, and current vaccines, containing only\n            <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            -derived antigens, confer efficient protection against\n            <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            but not against\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n            <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            does not express the O antigen, while\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            retains it as a dominant surface antigen. Since the O antigen is a protective antigen for many pathogenic bacteria, we examined whether this factor is a potential protective antigen for\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            . In a mouse model of infection, immunization with wild-type\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            elicited a strong antibody response to the O antigen and conferred efficient protection against a subsequent\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            challenge. However, immunization with an isogenic mutant lacking the O antigen,\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            \u0394\n            <jats:italic>wbm<\/jats:italic>\n            , induced antibodies that recognized other antigens but did not efficiently mediate opsonophagocytosis of\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            . The passive transfer of sera raised against\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            , but not\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            \u0394\n            <jats:italic>wbm<\/jats:italic>\n            , reduced\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            loads in the lower respiratory tracts of mice. The addition of 10 \u03bcg of purified\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which contains the O antigen, but not\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            \u0394\n            <jats:italic>wbm<\/jats:italic>\n            LPS drastically improved the efficacy of the acellular vaccine Adacel against\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            . These data suggest that the O antigen is a critical protective antigen of\n            <jats:italic>B. parapertussis<\/jats:italic>\n            and its inclusion can substantially improve whooping cough vaccine efficacy against this pathogen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00667-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,9]],"date-time":"2009-09-09T01:33:13Z","timestamp":1252459993000},"page":"5050-5058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The O Antigen Is a Critical Antigen for the Development of a Protective Immune Response to\n            <i>Bordetella parapertussis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Xuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Genetics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Goebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Rodri\u0301guez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINDEFI (UNLP, CONICET La Plata), School of Science, La Plata University, La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Harvill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.354877.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00878.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(99)90035-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"159","volume":"16","year":"1972","unstructured":"Borska, K., and M. 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