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In the majority of cases, GBS is transmitted vertically from mother to neonate, making maternal vaginal colonization a key risk factor for neonatal disease. The fungus<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>is an opportunistic pathogen of the female genitourinary tract and the causative agent of vaginal thrush. Carriage of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>has been shown to be an independent risk factor for vaginal colonization by GBS. However, the nature of interactions between these two microbes is poorly understood. This study provides evidence of a reciprocal, synergistic interplay between GBS and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>that may serve to promote their cocolonization of the vaginal mucosa. GBS strains NEM316 (serotype III) and 515 (serotype Ia) are shown to physically interact with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>, with the bacteria exhibiting tropism for candidal hyphal filaments. This interaction enhances association levels of both microbes with the vaginal epithelial cell line VK2\/E6E7. The ability of GBS to coassociate with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>is dependent upon expression of the hypha-specific adhesin Als3. In turn, expression of GBS antigen I\/II family adhesins (Bsp polypeptides) facilitates this coassociation and confers upon surrogate<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:named-content>the capacity to exhibit enhanced interactions with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>on vaginal epithelium. As genitourinary tract colonization is an essential first step in the pathogenesis of GBS and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>, the coassociation mechanism reported here may have important implications for the risk of disease involving both of these pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00669-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T14:14:12Z","timestamp":1515593652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Coassociation between Group B Streptococcus and Candida albicans Promotes Interactions with Vaginal Epithelium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Grace R.","family":"Pidwill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9195-7945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard F.","family":"Jenkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Lamont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela H.","family":"Nobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61651-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00094-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00227.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05555.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6197-6205.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.2.871-878.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.726562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744998000131","article-title":"Female genital tract bacterial coisolates with Candida albicans in patients without clinical vaginitis","volume":"6","author":"Monif GR","year":"1998","unstructured":"Monif GR, Carson HJ. 1998. 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