{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:28:21Z","timestamp":1791404901820,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an essential mediator of corneal inflammation induced by the filarial nematode<jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic>, which harbors endosymbiotic<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>bacteria. TLR2 is also required for dendritic cell activation, gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) production, and neutrophil recruitment to the cornea. To examine the role of IFN-\u03b3 in<jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>keratitis, C57BL\/6 and IFN-\u03b3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice were immunized subcutaneously, and a soluble antigen extract from<jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>adult worms (OvAg) was injected into the corneal stroma of each animal. We found that, in the absence of IFN-\u03b3, neutrophil recruitment to the cornea was significantly impaired, whereas there was no effect on eosinophil infiltration. Since the cornea contains resident macrophages and fibroblasts and our previous studies showed that CXC chemokines mediate neutrophil recruitment, we examined the role of recombinant IFN-\u03b3 (rIFN-\u03b3) on each cell type. We found no effect of rIFN-\u03b3 on CXC chemokine production by macrophages or corneal fibroblasts, either alone or with filarial extracts; in contrast, rIFN-\u03b3 was found to enhance OvAg-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2 in macrophages. Furthermore, we found that rTNF-\u03b1, rIL-1\u03b1, or rIL-1\u03b2 induced CXC chemokine production by corneal fibroblasts but not by macrophages. To determine the relative contributions of endogenous cytokines, we injected OvAg into the corneal stroma of C57BL\/6, IL-1 receptor 1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>(IL-1R1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>), and TNF-\u03b1R1\/2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice and examined neutrophil recruitment. We found that neutrophil infiltration was impaired in IL-1R1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice but not in TNF-\u03b1R1\/2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. IFN-\u03b3 therefore appears to regulate neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma by enhancing TLR2 expression and OvAg-induced IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 production by macrophages in the cornea, which then induce IL-1R1-dependent production of CXC chemokine by resident corneal fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00671-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,24]],"date-time":"2009-01-24T02:41:02Z","timestamp":1232764862000},"page":"1606-1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-1 Receptor 1 Regulate Neutrophil Recruitment to the Corneal Stroma in a Murine Model of<i>Onchocerca volvulus<\/i>Keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Katrin","family":"Gentil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7286"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Pearlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7286"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"2264","volume":"43","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brissette-Storkus, C. 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